Previous Sutra
Next Sutra

Sutra 5

सम्भूय समुत्थानम् विक्रीतक्रीतानुशयः दत्तस्य अनपाकर्म अस्वामिविक्रयः स्वस्वामिसम्बन्धः साहसम् वाक्पारुष्यम् दण्डपारुष्यम् द्यूतसमाह्वयम् प्रकीर्णकं इति धर्मस्थीयं तृतीयमधिकरणम् ॥ कZ_०१.१.०५ब् ॥

sambhūya samutthānam vikrītakrītānuśayaḥ dattasya anapākarma asvāmivikrayaḥ svasvāmisambandhaḥ sāhasam vākpāruṣyam daṇḍapāruṣyam dyūtasamāhvayam prakīrṇakaṃ iti dharmasthīyaṃ tṛtīyam adhikaraṇam.

‘ਸਾਂਝਾ ਉੱਦਮ; ਵੇਚੀ ਜਾਂ ਖਰੀਦੀ ਵਸਤੂ ਬਾਰੇ ਅਨੁਸ਼ਯ/ਵਿਵਾਦ (ਰੱਦ/ਵਾਪਸੀ); ਦਿੱਤੀ ਹੋਈ ਚੀਜ਼ ਦੀ ਵਾਪਸੀ ਨਾ ਕਰਨਾ; ਗੈਰ-ਮਾਲਕ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਵਿਕਰੀ; ਮਲਕੀਅਤ ਅਤੇ ਮਾਲਕ–ਨੌਕਰ ਸੰਬੰਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਵਿਵਾਦ; ਹਿੰਸਕ ਕਰਤੂਤਾਂ; ਬੋਲਚਾਲ ਦੀ ਬਦਜ਼ਬਾਨੀ/ਗਾਲੀ-ਗਲੌਚ; ਸਰੀਰਕ ਹਮਲਾ; ਜੂਆ ਅਤੇ ਸੱਟਾ; ਅਤੇ ਵਿਭਿੰਨ ਮਾਮਲੇ’—ਇਹ ਧਰਮਸਥੀਯ (ਦੀਵਾਨੀ-ਨਿਆਂਕ) ਭਾਗ ਦੇ ਅੰਦਰ ਤੀਜਾ ਅਧਿਕਰਣ ਹੈ।

सम्भूयhaving jointly assembled; jointly
सम्भूय:
TypeGerund (Absolutive)
Rootसम्-भू
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (सम् + भू + य), ‘having assembled/combined’
समुत्थानम्joint enterprise; collective undertaking
समुत्थानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसम्-उत्-स्था
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘arising/enterprise’
विक्रीतsold
विक्रीत:
TypePast participle (Kṛdanta)
Rootवि-क्री
Formकृत-प्रत्ययान्त (क्त), ‘sold’ (समासे पूर्वपद)
क्रीतbought
क्रीत:
TypePast participle (Kṛdanta)
Rootक्री
Formकृत-प्रत्ययान्त (क्त), ‘bought’ (समासे पूर्वपद)
अनुशयःclaim/complaint (esp. regarding sale and purchase)
अनुशयः:
TypeNoun
Rootअनु-शी
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘grievance/claim; latent defect/ground of complaint’
दत्तस्यof what has been given
दत्तस्य:
TypeNoun (from PPP)
Rootदा
Form‘दत्त’ (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त) + षष्ठी एकवचन (नपुंसक/पुं/स्त्री सन्दर्भानुसार); ‘of what is given’
अनपाकर्मnon-return; failure to restore/repay
अनपाकर्म:
TypeNoun
Rootअप-आ-√कृ (अपाकर्म) / ‘अपाकर्मन्’ (न.)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘non-performance of return/repayment; failure to make good’
अस्वामिa non-owner
अस्वामि:
TypeNoun
Rootअ-स्वामिन्
Formनञ्-तत्पुरुष-भाव (अ + स्वामिन्), ‘non-owner’ (समासे पूर्वपद)
विक्रयःsale
विक्रयः:
TypeNoun
Rootवि-क्रि
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘sale’
स्वown
स्व:
TypePronoun/Adjective (Pronominal stem)
Rootस्व
Formसमासे पूर्वपद; ‘one’s own’
स्वामिowner
स्वामि:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वामिन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; समासे पूर्वपद; ‘owner/master’
सम्बन्धःrelationship; connection
सम्बन्धः:
TypeNoun
Rootसम्-बन्ध्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘relation/connection’
साहसम्forcible act; violence
साहसम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसाहस
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘violence/forcible act; assault/robbery’
वाक्speech; words
वाक्:
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; समासे पूर्वपद; ‘speech/words’
पारुष्यम्harshness; abuse
पारुष्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपारुष्य
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘harshness/abuse’
दण्डstaff; force; punishment
दण्ड:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formपुंलिङ्ग; समासे पूर्वपद; ‘staff; punishment; force’
पारुष्यम्violence; physical abuse
पारुष्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपारुष्य
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘harshness/assault’
द्यूतgambling
द्यूत:
TypeNoun
Rootद्यूत
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासे पूर्वपद; ‘gambling’
समाह्वयम्challenge; contest (esp. in gambling)
समाह्वयम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसम्-आ-ह्वे
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘challenge; calling/contest’
प्रकीर्णकम्miscellaneous (cases)
प्रकीर्णकम्:
TypeNoun/Adjective used as Noun
Rootप्र-कीर्ण (from √कॄ/कीर् ‘to scatter’) / प्रकीर्णक
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘miscellaneous; scattered matters’
इतिthus; as follows
इति:
TypeParticle
Rootइति
Formनिपात; उद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थ
धर्मस्थीयम्pertaining to the court/judicial authority
धर्मस्थीयम्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootधर्मस्थीय
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘pertaining to the dharmastha (judge/court)’
तृतीयम्third
तृतीयम्:
TypeOrdinal adjective
Rootतृतीय
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘third’
अधिकरणम्chapter; section; topic
अधिकरणम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअधि-√कृ (अधिकरण)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘topic/chapter; case-category’

FAQs

To define the state’s judicial scope by enumerating actionable legal categories, enabling predictable adjudication of contracts, property, labor relations, and public-order offenses—thereby protecting economic activity and social stability.

It parallels modern legal codification: clear topic-headings for courts and regulators (contracts, consumer/sale disputes, restitution, title fraud, employment relations, assault, and gambling control) reduce uncertainty, deter wrongdoing, and improve compliance and market confidence.

No single official is named here; the implied duty of the king’s judicial apparatus (courts/judges) is to classify disputes under recognized legal heads and adjudicate them consistently to secure property rights, enforce transactions, and maintain public order.