Sutra 10
Devanagari script
प्रसह्य दिवा रात्रौ वान्तर्यामिकमपहरतोऽर्धमूल्येषु एत एव दण्डाः ॥ कZ_०४.९.१० ॥
Transliteration
prasahya divā rātrau vā antaryāmikam apaharato 'rdhamūlyeṣu eta eva daṇḍāḥ
Translation
ਜੋ ਕੋਈ ਦਿਨ ਜਾਂ ਰਾਤ ਜ਼ਬਰਦਸਤੀ ਸੰਪਤੀ ਛੀਨ ਲੈਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜਾਂ ਘਰ/ਨਿੱਜੀ ਅੰਦਰਲੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਤੋਂ ਚੋਰੀ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ—ਜੇ ਅੱਧੀ ਕੀਮਤ ‘ਤੇ ਮੁਲਾਂਕਣ ਹੋਵੇ—ਤਾਂ ਉਹੀ ਸਜ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ।
Word by Word
प्रसह्यforcibly, by force
प्रसह्य:
TypeAvyaya (Gerund)
Rootसह् (सहते)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ल्यप्/क्त्वा); अर्थः—बलात्/प्रबलं कृत्वा
दिवाby day, in daytime
दिवा:
TypeAvyaya
Rootदिव्/दिवा
Formकालवाचक अव्यय
रात्रौat night
रात्रौ:
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (कालाधिकरणे)
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक निपात
अन्तर्यामिकम्property kept inside (interior/inner goods)
अन्तर्यामिकम्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootअन्तर्यामिन्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषण/उपपद—(अपहरतः) कर्म
अपहरतःof one who steals / the stealer (robber)
अपहरतः:
TypeVerb (Participle)
Rootअप-हृ (हरति)
Formवर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ); परस्मैपदी; प्रथमा बहुवचन/षष्ठी एकवचन?—अत्र सामान्यतः ‘अपहरतः’ = ‘अपहरताम्/अपहरतः (जनस्य)’ इति चौराणां निर्देशः; अर्थतः—‘stealing/robbing’ (agent)
अर्धमूल्येषुin the case of half-valued (low-value) goods
अर्धमूल्येषु:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootअर्ध + मूल्य
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी बहुवचन; अधिकरणे—‘अर्धमूल्येषु (द्रव्येषु)’
एतेthese
एते:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन
एवindeed, just, only
एव:
TypeParticle
Rootएव
Formअवधारणार्थक निपात
दण्डाःpunishments, fines
दण्डाः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन
Entities Mentioned
A
antaryāmikaFAQs
Both increase threat to personal security and are harder to prevent; Kauṭilya standardizes punishment to deter high-risk forms of theft.
It provides a consistent administrative basis for valuation while keeping the sanction schedule aligned with earlier categories.