Sutra 10

Devanagari script

सीमविवादं ग्रामयोरुभयोः सामन्ता पञ्चग्रामी दशग्रामी वा सेतुभिः स्थावरैः कृत्रिमैर्वा कुर्यात् ॥ कZ_०३.९.१० ॥

Transliteration

sīmavivādaṃ grāmayorubhayoḥ sāmantā pañcagrāmī daśagrāmī vā setubhiḥ sthāvaraiḥ kṛtrimairvā kuryāt

Translation

ਦੋ ਪਿੰਡਾਂ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਸੀਮਾ-ਵਿਵਾਦ ਨੂੰ ਪੜੋਸੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ—ਪੰਜ-ਗ੍ਰਾਮੀ ਜਾਂ ਦਸ-ਗ੍ਰਾਮੀ (ਸੰਘ)—ਕੁਦਰਤੀ/ਸਥਾਈ ਜਾਂ ਕ੍ਰਿਤ੍ਰਿਮ ਸੀਮਾ-ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਨਿਪਟਾਉਣ।

Word by Word

• सीमा-विवादम्: a boundary dispute
• Type: Noun
• Root: विवद्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; (सीम्नः विवादः)

• ग्रामयोः: of (between) the two villages
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी/सप्तमी-द्विवचन; ‘of/in the two villages’

• उभयोः: of both (parties)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: उभ
• Form: सर्वनाम; षष्ठी/सप्तमी-द्विवचन; ‘of both’

• सामन्ताः: the neighbouring people (local assessors/witnesses)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सामन्त
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; कर्तृपद

• पञ्च-ग्रामी: a five-village unit/representative
• Type: Adjective (Noun-used)
• Root: ग्राम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘five-village (group/official)’ (सामन्ताः इत्यस्य विशेषण/विकल्प)

• दश-ग्रामी: a ten-village unit/representative
• Type: Adjective (Noun-used)
• Root: ग्राम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘ten-village (group/official)’ (वा-समुच्चय)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय

• सेतुभिः: by boundary markers
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेतु
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-बहुवचन; करण

• स्थावरैः: fixed (immovable/permanent)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्थावर
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-बहुवचन; सेतुभिः इत्यस्य विशेषण

• कृत्रिमैः: artificial (man-made)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत्रिम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-बहुवचन; सेतुभिः इत्यस्य विशेषण

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय

• कुर्यात्: should establish/settle (it)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष-एकवचन; ‘he should cause to be done/should establish’

Entities Mentioned

• sāmanta (neighboring authority)
• pañcagrāmī
• daśagrāmī
• setu (boundary marker/landmark)

More Details

FAQs

What institutional model is implied by pañcagrāmī/daśagrāmī?

A federated local body of multiple villages used for fact-finding and dispute settlement—an early form of inter-village administrative jurisdiction.