Sutra 1

Devanagari script

ज्ञातिसामन्तधनिकाः क्रमेण भूमिपरिग्रहान् क्रेतुमभ्याभवेयुः ॥ कZ_०३.९.०१ ॥

Transliteration

jñāti-sāmanta-dhanikāḥ krameṇa bhūmiparigrahān kretum abhyābhaveyuḥ

Translation

ਜ਼ਮੀਨੀ ਹੱਕ ਖਰੀਦਣ ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਹੱਕ ਕ੍ਰਮਵਾਰ ਰਿਸ਼ਤੇਦਾਰਾਂ, ਪੜੋਸੀ ਜ਼ਮੀਨ-ਮਾਲਕਾਂ (ਸਾਮੰਤਾਂ) ਅਤੇ ਧਨੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ।

Word by Word

• ज्ञाति-सामन्त-धनिकाः: kinsmen, neighboring/subordinate chiefs, and wealthy persons (moneyed men)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: ज्ञाति / सामन्त / धनिक
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; समाहार/इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः—‘ज्ञातयः च सामन्ताः च धनिकाः च’

• क्रमेण: in due order / successively
• Type: Noun (adverbial instrumental)
• Root: क्रम
• Form: तृतीया-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोगः

• भूमि-परिग्रहान्: acquisitions/holdings of land (land-grants/land-possessions)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: भूमि / परिग्रह
• Form: द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः—‘भूमेः परिग्रहाः’

• क्रेतुम्: to buy
• Type: Verb (infinitive)
• Root: क्री
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्तः (infinitive), परस्मैपदी धातुः ‘क्री’

• अभ्याभवेयुः: should have precedence / should be entitled first
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (अभि-आ-√भू)
• Form: लिङ् (विधिलिङ्), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्; उपसर्गौ: अभि + आ

Entities Mentioned

• kinsmen
• neighbors/adjacent landholders (sāmanta)
• wealthy buyers

More Details

FAQs

What political-administrative aim is served by giving priority to kin and neighbors?

It limits disruptive entry into local land relations, preserves boundary stability, and reduces future disputes by favoring those already embedded in the locality.

Why are ‘wealthy persons’ listed last?

To allow liquidity and completion of sale if kin/neighbors decline, while preventing wealth alone from overriding local-stability considerations.