Sutra 18

Devanagari script

पुंसः पूर्वः साहसदण्डः तुल्यश्रेयसोः पापीयसो मध्यमः ॥ कZ_०३.४.१८ ॥

Transliteration

puṃsaḥ pūrvaḥ sāhasadaṇḍaḥ tulyaśreyasoḥ pāpīyaso madhyamaḥ

Translation

ਮਰਦ ਲਈ ਮੁੱਢਲਾ ਦੰਡ ‘ਸਾਹਸ-ਦੰਡ’ (ਹਿੰਸਕ/ਜ਼ਬਰਦਸਤੀ ਕੀਤੇ ਅਪਰਾਧ ਦਾ ਜੁਰਮਾਨਾ) ਹੈ। ਜੇ ਦੋਵੇਂ ਪੱਖ ਸਮਾਨ ਦਰਜੇ ਦੇ ਹੋਣ ਤਾਂ ਮੱਧਮ ਦੰਡ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਅਤੇ ਜੇ ਮਰਦ ਨੀਵੇਂ ਦਰਜੇ ਦਾ (ਪਾਪੀਯਸ) ਹੋਵੇ ਤਾਂ ਵੀ ਮੱਧਮ ਦੰਡ ਹੀ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ।

Word by Word

• पुंसः: of a man (male)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुंस् (पुम्)
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गम्

• पूर्वः: the former/earlier (one)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गम् (विशेषणम्)

• साहसदण्डः: the penalty for assault/violence (sāhasa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गम्; साहसस्य दण्डः

• तुल्यश्रेयसोः: of the two (cases) of equal merit
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रेयस्
• Form: षष्ठी/सप्तमी-द्विवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम् (श्रेयस्-शब्दः); ‘of/in the two cases of equal merit’

• पापीयसोः: of/in the two (cases) that are worse/more sinful
• Type: Adjective (comparative)
• Root: पापीयस् (पापीयस् = पाप का तर)
• Form: षष्ठी/सप्तमी-द्विवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम् (विशेषणम्)

• मध्यमः: the middle/medium (one)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मध्यम
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गम् (विशेषणम्)

Entities Mentioned

• male offender
• judicial authority

More Details

FAQs

What administrative principle does this sutra illustrate?

Graduated, status-aware sentencing: the state scales penalties using established fine categories (sāhasa; madhyama) depending on relative standing.