Sutra 34

Devanagari script

प्रेतस्य व्यसनिनो वा साक्षिवचनमसारम् ॥ कZ_०३.१.३४ ॥

Transliteration

pretasya vyasanino vā sākṣi-vacanam asāram

Translation

ਮਰੇ ਹੋਏ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਦਾ (ਦੂਜੇ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਦੱਸਿਆ) ਜਾਂ ਨਸ਼ੇ/ਆਦਤਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਪੀੜਤ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਦਾ ਗਵਾਹੀ-ਬਿਆਨ ਅਸਾਰ (ਅਣਭਰੋਸੇਯੋਗ) ਹੈ।

Word by Word

• प्रेतस्य: of a dead person
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रेत
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग (प्रेत-शब्द)

• व्यसनिनः: of an addict / one given to vices
• Type: Noun (agent noun)
• Root: व्यसनिन्
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग (व्यसनिन्-शब्द)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम् (disjunctive)

• साक्षि-वचनम्: the statement/testimony of a witness
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासः: साक्षिणः वचनम्

• असारम्: invalid / unreliable / without probative force
• Type: Adjective (used predicatively)
• Root: असार
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; साक्षिवचनम् इति पदस्य विशेषणम्

Entities Mentioned

• witness (sākṣin)
• deceased person (preta)
• vyasanin (addicted/vicious person)

More Details

FAQs

What evidentiary standard is implied by 3.1.34?

Competency and reliability: testimony must come from a credible, living, competent witness rather than hearsay or impaired sources.