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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 51, Shloka 27

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकपञ्चाशः सर्गः — Guha’s Vigil and Lakṣmaṇa’s Lament

Night on the riverbank

तथा हि सत्यं ब्रुवति प्रजाहितेनरेन्द्रपुत्रे गुरुसौहृदाद्गुहः।मुमोच बाष्पं व्यसनाभिपीडितोज्वरातुरो नाग इव व्यथातुरः।।।।

tathā hi satyaṁ bruvati prajāhitena nṛndraputre gurusauhṛdād guhaḥ |

mumoca bāṣpaṁ vyasanābhipīḍito jvarāturo nāga iva vyathāturaḥ ||

ପ୍ରଜାହିତରେ ନିରତ ନରେନ୍ଦ୍ରପୁତ୍ର ଏପରି ସତ୍ୟବଚନ କହିବାବେଳେ, ଗୁରୁସୌହୃଦରେ ପ୍ରେରିତ ଗୁହ ଶୋକରେ ଚାପି ପଡ଼ି ଅଶ୍ରୁ ଝରାଇଲେ—ଯେପରି ଜ୍ୱରାକ୍ରାନ୍ତ, ବ୍ୟଥାରେ କ୍ଳାନ୍ତ ହାତୀ କମ୍ପିଉଠେ।

tathāthus
tathā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, manner adverb ‘thus/so’
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), causal/emphatic ‘indeed/for’
satyamtruth
satyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsatya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; object of bruvati
bruvatiwhile (he) was speaking
bruvati:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative absolute)
TypeVerb
Root√brū (धातु)
Formशतृ (Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; ‘while (he) was speaking’
prajāhitein the people-benefiting (one)
prajāhite:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative absolute)
TypeAdjective
Rootprajā-hita (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (prajā + hita = devoted to people’s welfare); qualifies narendraputre
narendraputrein the king’s son
narendraputre:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative absolute)
TypeNoun
Rootnara-indra-putra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (king + son)
gurusauhṛdātfrom great friendship
gurusauhṛdāt:
Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootguru-sauhṛda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (guru = great + sauhṛda = friendship)
guhaḥGuha
guhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootguha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
mumocareleased/shed
mumoca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√muc (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
bāṣpamtears
bāṣpam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbāṣpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
vyasanābhipīḍitaḥoppressed by grief
vyasanābhipīḍitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvyasana-abhi-√pīḍ (धातु)
Formक्त (Past Passive Participle) used adjectivally; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (vyasana + abhipīḍita = oppressed by calamity)
jvarāturaḥfever-stricken
jvarāturaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootjvara-ātura (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (fever + afflicted)
nāgaḥelephant
nāgaḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootnāga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
ivalike
iva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमावाचक अव्यय (comparative particle)
vyathāturaḥdistressed with pain
vyathāturaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvyathā-ātura (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (pain + afflicted)

When Rama, son of Dasaratha, sleeps on the ground with Sita how can I sleep orlive or enjoy pleasures?

G
Guha
L
Lakshmana (king’s son)
E
Elephant (nāga)

FAQs

Satya is upheld even when painful; truthful speech aligned with welfare (prajāhita) is dharmic, and compassionate response to others’ suffering is also part of moral life.

After Lakshmana truthfully relates the situation, Guha—bound by friendship—breaks down in grief and weeps.

Guha’s empathy and loyal affection; Lakshmana’s truthfulness oriented to the listener’s welfare.