Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 74, Shloka 56

Adhyaya 74 — King Svarashtra, the Deer-Queen’s Curse, and the Rise of Tamasa Manu

Sanskrit

ये देवा यत्पतिर्यश्च देवेन्द्रो ये तथर्षयः ।

ये पुत्राश्च मनोस्तस्य पृथिवीपरिपालकाः ॥

Transliteration

ye devā yatpatiryaśca devendro ye tatharṣayaḥ / ye putrāśca manostasya pṛthivīparipālakāḥ

Translation

ସେଠାରେ କେଉଁ ଦେବମାନେ ଥିଲେ, ତାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରଭୁ—ଇନ୍ଦ୍ର କିଏ, କେଉଁ ଋଷିମାନେ ଥିଲେ; ଏବଂ ସେ ମନୁଙ୍କ କେଉଁ ପୁତ୍ରମାନେ ପୃଥିବୀର ରକ୍ଷକ ହେଲେ—ଏ ସବୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣିତ ହେବ।

Word by Word

• ye: who (those who)
• ye: Karta (कर्ता) (of implied ‘āsan/abhavan’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)

• devāḥ: gods
• devāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• yat-patiḥ: whose lord
• yat-patiḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (appositional)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + pati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: यस्य पतिः

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; relative pronoun

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• devendraḥ: Indra (lord of gods)
• devendraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: देवानाम् इन्द्रः

• ye: who (those who)
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (adverb: ‘thus/also’)

• ṛṣayaḥ: sages
• ṛṣayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• ye: who (those who)
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• putrāḥ: sons
• putrāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• manoḥ: of Manu
• manoḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• tasya: of him
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• pṛthivī-paripālakāḥ: protectors of the earth
• pṛthivī-paripālakāḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (predicate nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pṛthivī (प्रातिपदिक) + paripālaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: पृथिव्याः परिपालकाः

Speakers

• Markandeya narrating

Primary Deities

• Indra (office/title)

Key Themes

• Purāṇic cosmology
• Manvantara roster structure
• Divine administration

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma in Purāṇas is institutional: each age has appointed cosmic functionaries (devas, Indra, ṛṣis, kings) who collectively sustain order.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara: it announces the standard Manvantara template—deva-gaṇas, Indra, Saptarṣis, and Manu’s sons (earthly rulers).

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘offices’ (Indra, sages, protectors) can be read as archetypal functions within consciousness: governance, illumination, and regulation operating cyclically.