Shloka 39

Adhyaya 61 — The Second Manvantara Begins: The Brahmin’s Swift Journey and Varuthini’s Temptation on Himavat

Sanskrit

दृष्टा देवास्तथा दैत्याḥ सिद्धगन्धर्वपन्नगाः । कथमेकोऽपि नास्त्यस्य तुल्यरूपो महात्मनः ॥

Transliteration

dṛṣṭā devās tathā daityāḥ siddhagandharvapannagāḥ / katham eko 'pi nāsty asya tulyarūpo mahātmanaḥ

Translation

ମୁଁ ଦେବମାନଙ୍କୁ, ଦୈତ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କୁ, ସିଦ୍ଧମାନଙ୍କୁ, ଗନ୍ଧର୍ବମାନଙ୍କୁ ଓ ନାଗମାନଙ୍କୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଦେଖିଛି—ତଥାପି ଏହି ମହାତ୍ମାଙ୍କ ରୂପ ସମାନ ଜଣେ ମଧ୍ୟ କାହିଁକି ନାହାନ୍ତି?

Word by Word

• दृष्टाः: seen
• दृष्टाः: Karta (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दृश् (धातु) → दृष्ट (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/ktá); Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); agrees with ‘देवाः…’

• देवाः: gods
• देवाः: Karta (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural

• तथा: also, likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (tathā = in that way/also)

• दैत्याḥ: daityas (demons)
• दैत्याḥ: Karta (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural

• सिद्ध-गन्धर्व-पन्नगाः: siddhas, gandharvas, and serpents
• सिद्ध-गन्धर्व-पन्नगाः: Karta (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिद्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + गन्धर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + पन्नग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (siddhāś ca gandharvāś ca pannagāś ca)

• कथम्: how?
• कथम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम् (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; interrogative adverb (praśnārthaka)

• एकः: one (single)
• एकः: Karta (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; used substantively ‘even one’

• अपि: even, also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle (emphasis/concession)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; negation particle

• अस्ति: is/exists
• अस्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्/Laṭ), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• अस्य: of him
• अस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular

• तुल्य-रूपः: of similar form
• तुल्य-रूपः: Karta (कर्ता/प्रथमा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुल्य (प्रातिपदिक) + रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; कर्मधारयः (तुल्यं रूपं यस्य/तुल्यरूपः)

• महात्मनः: of the great-souled one
• महात्मनः: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular

Speakers

• Narrative voice reporting the thoughts of a divyayoṣit

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shringara", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Kāma (desire)
• Hyperbolic praise
• Cosmic comparison (devas/daityas/etc.)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The mind universalizes its fixation—having surveyed many ‘classes of beings,’ it still finds no equal. This shows how desire tends to absolutize the object, a common cognitive distortion noted in dharma literature.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ākhyāna/Upākhyāna; it is not genealogical or cosmological enumeration, but a narrative use of cosmic categories to intensify characterization.

What is the esoteric significance?

Listing devas, daityas, siddhas, gandharvas, and nāgas symbolically spans multiple realms of experience; the claim of ‘no equal’ suggests the binding power of māyā when the psyche projects perfection onto a single form.