Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 50, Shloka 59

Adhyaya 50 — Mind-Born Progeny, Svayambhuva Manu’s Lineage, and Brahmā’s Ordinance to Duḥsaha (Alakṣmī’s Retinue)

Sanskrit

अब्रह्मचारिणाधीतमिज्या चाविदुषा कृता ।

तपोवने ग्राम्यभुजां तथैवानिर्वजितात्मनाम् ॥

Transliteration

abrahmacāriṇādhītam ijyā cāviduṣā kṛtā | tapovane grāmyabhujāṃ tathaivānirvajitātmanām ||

Translation

ବ୍ରହ୍ମଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ/ସଂଯମ ନଥିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିର ଅର୍ଜିତ ବିଦ୍ୟା, ଅଜ୍ଞାନୀ ଦ୍ୱାରା କୃତ ଯଜ୍ଞ, ଏବଂ ଏଯାବତ୍ ଗ୍ରାମ୍ୟ (ଭୋଗପ୍ରଧାନ) ଆହାର ଖାଉଥିବାମାନଙ୍କର ବନତପ—ତଥା ଯାହାଙ୍କ ମନ ଶୁଦ୍ଧ ନୁହେଁ—ଏସବୁ ଦୋଷଯୁକ୍ତ।

Word by Word

• abrahmacāriṇā: by one who is not celibate
• abrahmacāriṇā: Karta (कर्ता/Agent-Instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: a-brahmacārin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक (negative)

• adhītam: studied, learned (text)
• adhītam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: adhīta (प्रातिपदिक; √dhī/√adhī धातु से क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle)

• ijyā: worship, sacrifice
• ijyā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ijyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• aviduṣā: by an ignorant person
• aviduṣā: Karta (कर्ता/Agent-Instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: a-vidvas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक (negative)

• kṛtā: done, performed
• kṛtā: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (प्रातिपदिक; √kṛ धातु से क्त)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; (ijyā इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)

• tapo-vane: in the forest of austerities
• tapo-vane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tapas (प्रातिपदिक) + vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (tapasya vanaṃ)

• grāmya-bhujām: of rustic sensualists (worldly enjoyers)
• grāmya-bhujām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: grāmya (प्रातिपदिक) + bhuj (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय (grāmyāḥ bhujāḥ = rustic eaters/indulgers)

• tathā: thus, likewise
• tathā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकारवाचक (manner adverb)

• eva: indeed, just
• eva: Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अवधारण (emphatic particle)

• anirvajita-ātmanām: of those whose selves are not purified/cleansed
• anirvajita-ātmanām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: a-nirvajita (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक; तत्पुरुष (anirvajitaḥ ātmā yeṣām)

Speakers

• Unspecified in input; continuing address to a ‘Yakṣa’ in this chapter’s counsel

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bibhatsa", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ritual qualification (adhikāra)
• Austerity vs hypocrisy
• Purity of mind
• Brahmacarya

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Scriptural learning and ritual are not merely technical acts; they require inner discipline (brahmacarya, śuddhi). Ascetic settings (tapovana) do not sanctify a person who retains indulgent habits and an unpurified mind.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ethical-ritual instruction ancillary to Purāṇic narrative; not a direct instance of the five hallmark topics, but supportive of ‘dharma’ exposition often embedded in vaṃśānucarita narratives.

What is the esoteric significance?

The verse encodes the principle that mantra/vidyā without containment of desire becomes ‘leaky’—power dissipates. ‘Tapovana + grāmya-bhoga’ is a symbol of mixed (saṅkīrṇa) intention that blocks spiritual fruition.