Shloka 62

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

ततस्ताः पर्यग्वह्णन्त नदीक्षेत्राणि पर्वतान् ।

वृक्षगुल्मौषधीश्चैवमात्मन्यायाद्यथाबलम् ॥

Transliteration

tatas tāḥ paryagvahṇanta nadī-kṣetrāṇi parvatān /

vṛkṣa-gulmauṣadhīś caivam ātmanyāyād yathābalam //

Translation

ତାପରେ ସେମାନେ ନିଜ ନିଜ ଶକ୍ତିଅନୁସାରେ ନଦୀ, କ୍ଷେତ୍ର ଓ ପର୍ବତ, ଏବଂ ଗଛ, ଝାଡ଼ ଓ ଔଷଧିମାନଙ୍କୁ ‘ଏହା ମୋର’ ବୋଲି ଦାବି କରି ହରଣ କରିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲେ।

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then/thereafter
• tataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/temporal link)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable); तस्मात्/ततः = ‘thereafter, from that’ (adverb)

• tāḥ: they (fem.)
• tāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• paryagvahṇanta: carried off/transported around
• paryagvahṇanta: Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vah (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परि+अव+√वह् = ‘carried around/away’

• nadī-kṣetrāṇi: river-fields/river-tracts
• nadī-kṣetrāṇi: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nadī (प्रातिपदिक) + kṣetra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (nadīnāṃ kṣetrāṇi)

• parvatān: mountains
• parvatān: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parvata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन

• vṛkṣa-gulma-auṣadhīḥ: trees, shrubs, and herbs
• vṛkṣa-gulma-auṣadhīḥ: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vṛkṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + gulma (प्रातिपदिक) + auṣadhī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (vṛkṣāś ca gulmāś ca auṣadhyaś ca)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphatic particle)

• am: (part of) thus
• am: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: am (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; manner-adverb (एवम् = thus) का अंश; पाठभेद/सन्धि-खण्ड

• ātmani: in themselves/into themselves
• ātmani: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• āyāt: came/should come
• āyāt: Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: i (धातु)
• Form: लोट्/विधिलिङ्-सम्भाव्य पाठभेद; 3rd sg. (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन) ‘may come/should come’; √इ (to go/come) with आ-

• yathā-balam: according to their strength
• yathā-balam: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय) + bala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः = ‘according to strength/as much as possible’

Speakers

• Narrative voice within Markandeya Purana (frame not explicit in given excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Ethics
• Property and possession
• Resource conflict
• Cosmology

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The birth of possessiveness (‘mine-ness’) is portrayed as the root of conflict and depletion. Power-based claiming replaces harmony, implying the need for dharmic restraint and just allocation.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Poṣaṇa and Manvantara/Yuga narrative: it explains how society and resource-use patterns emerge and degrade within time-cycles.

What is the esoteric significance?

Rivers/fields/mountains symbolize inner faculties and supports; ‘seizing’ them indicates egoic appropriation of prakṛti, which leads to the ‘withering’ of inner nourishment (next verses).