Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 34, Shloka 59

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

उदयास्तमने भानोः शयनञ्च विवर्जयेत् ।

नास्नातो नैव संविष्टो न चैवान्यमना नरः ॥

Transliteration

udayāstamane bhānoḥ śayanañ ca vivarjayet | nāsnāto naiva saṃviṣṭo na caivānyamanā naraḥ ||

Translation

ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟୋଦୟ ଓ ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟାସ୍ତ ସମୟରେ ଶୋଇବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ। ସ୍ନାନ ନକରି ଭୋଜନ ପାଇଁ ବସିବା ନୁହେଁ; ଅଯଥା ଆସନରେ ନୁହେଁ, ଏବଂ ଚିତ୍ତ ବିକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ଥିଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଭୋଜନ ନ କରିବା।

Word by Word

• udaya-astamane: at sunrise and at sunset
• udaya-astamane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: udaya (प्रातिपदिक) + astamana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neut.), सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), द्विवचन (dual); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (sunrise and sunset)

• bhānoḥ: of the sun
• bhānoḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhānu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन (singular)

• śayanam: lying down/sleeping
• śayanam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śayana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neut.), द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन (singular)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• vivarjayet: should avoid
• vivarjayet: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√vṛj/varj (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative/विधिलिङ्), परस्मैपद (parasmaipada), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular)

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• asnātaḥ: unbathed
• asnātaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier of naraḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: snāta (कृदन्त; √snā (धातु) ‘to bathe’)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन (singular); भूतकृदन्त (past participle) with privative sense under na: ‘unbathed’

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• eva: indeed/at all
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphatic particle)

• saṃviṣṭaḥ: seated
• saṃviṣṭaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier of naraḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃ-viṣṭa (कृदन्त; √viś (धातु) ‘to enter/sit’)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन (singular); भूतकृदन्त: ‘seated/entered’ (here: seated) under negation

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphatic particle)

• anya-manāḥ: distracted/absent-minded
• anya-manāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier of naraḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक) + manas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन (singular); बहुव्रीहि: ‘having a mind elsewhere’

• naraḥ: a man
• naraḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masc.), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन (singular)

Speakers

• Unspecified in input (instructional voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "yoga", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Sūrya (implicit: bhānu)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Daily ritual discipline
• Śauca
• Mindfulness/attention
• Sandhyā propriety

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Transitional times (sandhyās) are for restraint and recollection; bathing and mental composure are prerequisites for acts like eating, which are treated as quasi-ritual.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma instruction; not a pañcalakṣaṇa narrative unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

Sunrise and sunset mark prāṇic shifts; avoiding sleep then symbolizes vigilance at liminal thresholds, preserving inner order (ṛta) and clarity.