Shloka 47

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

न्यूनाङ्गांश्चाधिकाङ्गांश्च नोपहासैर्विदूषयेत् ।

परस्य दण्डं नॊद्यच्छेच्छिक्षार्थं पुत्रशिष्ययोः ॥

Transliteration

nyūnāṅgāṃś cādhikāṅgāṃś ca nopahāsair vidūṣayet |

parasya daṇḍaṃ nodyacchec chikṣārthaṃ putra-śiṣyayoḥ ||

Translation

ଅଙ୍ଗହୀନ କିମ୍ବା ଅତିରିକ୍ତ ଅଙ୍ଗ ଥିବା ଲୋକଙ୍କୁ ଉପହାସ କରି ଅପମାନ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ। ଅନ୍ୟ ଜଣଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଦଣ୍ଡ ଉଠାଇବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ—କେବଳ ପୁତ୍ର କିମ୍ବା ଶିଷ୍ୟଙ୍କୁ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଦେବା ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟରେ ମାତ୍ର ଅପବାଦ।

Word by Word

• न्यूनाङ्गान्: those with deficient limbs
• न्यूनाङ्गान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: न्यून + अङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय (descriptive: 'deficient-limbed')

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• अधिकाङ्गान्: those with extra limbs
• अधिकाङ्गान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधिक + अङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय (descriptive: 'extra-limbed')

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-निपात (negation)

• उपहासैः: by mockery/ridicule
• उपहासैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपहास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन (Masculine, Instrumental, Plural)

• विदूषयेत्: should disgrace/insult
• विदूषयेत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + दूष् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (Optative, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular)

• परस्य: of another person
• परस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन (Masculine, Genitive, Singular)

• दण्डम्: punishment/rod
• दण्डम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन (Masculine, Accusative, Singular)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-निपात (negation)

• उद्यच्छेत्: should raise/lift (to strike)
• उद्यच्छेत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद् + यम् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (Optative, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular)

• शिक्षार्थम्: for instruction/discipline
• शिक्षार्थम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिक्षा + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म/प्रयोजन), एकवचन; चतुर्थी/षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषार्थः: 'for the purpose of instruction' (prayojana)

• पुत्रशिष्ययोः: of (one's) son and disciple
• पुत्रशिष्ययोः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र + शिष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), द्विवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (Genitive Dual: 'of son and disciple')

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s didactic section (speaker not specified in the provided extract)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Non-cruelty
• Disability ethics
• Discipline and its limits

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ridicule is condemned as a form of violence against the vulnerable. Physical punishment is broadly restricted; even where permitted (child/student), it is framed as corrective instruction, not anger or cruelty.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra-dharma; not pañcalakṣaṇa narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

Mockery reinforces separateness and ego. The restraint from raising the rod teaches governance of one’s own impulses first—true ‘discipline’ begins with the disciplinarian.