Shloka 20

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

सायं प्रापतस्तथा होमं कुर्वोत नियतात्मवान् ।

नोदयास्तमने बिम्बमुदीक्षेत विवस्वतः ॥

Transliteration

sāyaṃ prāpatastathā homaṃ kurvota niyatātmavān |

nodayāstamane bimbamudīkṣeta vivasvataḥ ||

Translation

ସନ୍ଧ୍ୟାବେଳେ ଫେରିଆସି ଇନ୍ଦ୍ରିୟସଂଯମୀ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ହୋମ କରିବା ଉଚିତ। ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟୋଦୟ ଓ ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟାସ୍ତ ସମୟରେ ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟବିମ୍ବକୁ ଦେଖିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ।

Word by Word

• sāyam: in the evening
• sāyam: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sāyam (अव्यय)
• Form: Kāla-avyaya (कालवाचक अव्यय)

• prāpataḥ: having arrived/come (i.e., when evening has come)
• prāpataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prāpat (कृदन्त; √prāp/āp + kta?; here as adjective)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; kr̥danta used adjectivally: 'having obtained/arrived' (context: after evening has come)

• tathā: likewise; then
• tathā: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• homam: fire-offering
• homam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: homa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana

• kurvīta: should perform
• kurvīta: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (optative), Prathama puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; ātmanepada

• niyata-ātmavān: self-controlled
• niyata-ātmavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niyata (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक) + -vant (प्रत्यय)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; bahuvrīhi: 'one whose self is restrained'

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-particle

• udaya-astamane: at sunrise or sunset
• udaya-astamane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: udaya (प्रातिपदिक) + astamana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Saptamī (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana; dvandva (itaretara): 'at sunrise and sunset' (locative)

• bimbam: disc (orb)
• bimbam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bimba (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana

• udīkṣeta: should look at
• udīkṣeta: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-īkṣ (धातु)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (optative), Prathama puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; ātmanepada

• vivasvataḥ: of the Sun
• vivasvataḥ: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vivasvat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th/षष्ठी), Ekavacana

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt; normative instruction

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Sūrya (Vivasvat)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Homa
• Niyama
• Sense-restraint

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Daily fire-offering and restraint of the senses are paired disciplines: ritual steadies life, while sense-control prevents dissipation.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra-dharma instruction; outside pancalakṣaṇa narrative categories.

What is the esoteric significance?

Sunrise/sunset are ‘threshold’ moments; the injunction suggests inward recollection rather than outward fixation—turning vision into contemplation.