Shloka 22

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

श्वा चैव हन्ति श्राद्धानि यातुधानाश्च दर्शनात् ।

तस्मात् सुसंवृतो दद्याद् तिलैश्चावकिरन् महीम् ॥

Transliteration

śvā caiva hanti śrāddhāni yātudhānāś ca darśanāt / tasmāt susaṃvṛto dadyāt tilaiś cāvakiran mahīm

Translation

କୁକୁର ନିଶ୍ଚୟ ଶ୍ରାଦ୍ଧକୁ ନଷ୍ଟ କରେ, ଏବଂ ଯାତୁଧାନମାନେ ମଧ୍ୟ କେବଳ ଦର୍ଶନରେ। ତେଣୁ ଅର୍ପଣକୁ ଭଲଭାବେ ଢାକି ସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ରଖି ଦେବା ଉଚିତ, ଏବଂ ଭୂମିରେ ତିଳ ଛିଟାଇବା ଉଚିତ।

Word by Word

• श्वा: a dog
• श्वा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय

• हन्ति: destroys/spoils
• हन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• श्राद्धानि: śrāddha rites
• श्राद्धानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), बहुवचन

• यातुधानाः: demons/ghouls (yātudhānas)
• यातुधानाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यातुधान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• दर्शनात्: from/through (their) seeing; by mere sight
• दर्शनात्: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दर्शन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (अपादान/हेतु), एकवचन

• तस्मात्: therefore
• तस्मात्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तस्मात् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक तद्)
• Form: तस्मात्-इत्यव्ययप्रयोग (therefore; ablatival adverb)

• सुसंवृतः: well-covered/fully concealed
• सुसंवृतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + संवृत (प्रातिपदिक; √वृ/वृत्)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP) 'संवृत', पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• दद्याद्: should give
• दद्याद्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• तिलैः: with sesame seeds
• तिलैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• अवकिरन्: let him scatter/sprinkle
• अवकिरन्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव + कृ (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (imperative), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; छान्दस/वैदिक-प्रयोगे नकार-लोप/विकल्प (avakirat/avakiran)

• महीम्: the ground/earth
• महीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मही (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन

Speakers

• Ritual instruction voice within the Purāṇic dharma discourse (frame-speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Śrāddha
• Apotropaic rites (protective measures)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The rite must be protected from disturbance—both physical (animals) and unseen (hostile forces). Practical care (covering/guarding offerings) and traditional protections (tila) work together.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/ācāra instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

Sesame (tila) is widely associated with Pitṛs and protective purification. Scattering tila marks and seals the ritual space, symbolically feeding/appeasing appropriate forces while repelling impediments.