Shloka 57

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

दत्त्वा च दक्षिणां शक्त्या सुस्वधास्त्विति तान् वदेत् ।

तैश्च तुष्टैस्तथेtyuktvā वाचयेद्वैश्वदेविकान् ॥

Transliteration

dattvā ca takṣiṇāṃ śaktyā susvadhāstviti tān vadet / taiśca tuṣṭaistathetyuktvā vācayedvaiśvadevikān

Translation

ଯଥାଶକ୍ତି ଦକ୍ଷିଣା ଦେଇ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ କହିବ—‘ସ୍ୱଧା ସୁପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠିତ ହେଉ!’ ଏବଂ ସେମାନେ ପ୍ରସନ୍ନ ହୋଇ ‘ତଥାସ୍ତୁ’ କହିଲେ, ତାପରେ ବୈଶ୍ୱଦେବିକ ମନ୍ତ୍ର/ବିଧିର ପାଠ କରାଇବ (କିମ୍ବା ସେ ଅଂଶ ସମ୍ପାଦନ କରିବ)।

Word by Word

• दत्त्वा: having given
• दत्त्वा: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive); पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• दक्षिणाम्: the fee/gift (dakṣiṇā)
• दक्षिणाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्षिणा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन

• शक्त्या: according to (one's) capacity
• शक्त्या: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; तृतीया, एकवचन; करण; 'according to ability' (instrumental of measure)

• सु-स्वधा-स्तु: “Well, svadhā indeed!” (ritual exclamation)
• सु-स्वधा-स्तु: Vākya-prayojaka (वाक्यप्रयोजक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + स्वधा (प्रातिपदिक) + तु (अव्यय)
• Form: मन्त्र/उद्गाररूप अव्ययप्रयोग; 'तु' अव्यय (particle)

• इति: thus
• इति: Vākya-sambandha (वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; इत्यादि-उद्धरणचिह्न (quotative particle)

• तान्: them
• तान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• वदेत्: should say
• वदेत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वद् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• तैः: by them/with them
• तैः: Sahakārī/Karaṇa (सहकारी/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया, बहुवचन; करण/सहकार (by/with them)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• तुष्टैः: (when they are) satisfied
• तुष्टैः: Sahakārī/Karaṇa (सहकारी/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुष्ट (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (PPP); पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया, बहुवचन; 'being satisfied'

• तथा: so, thus
• तथा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (so/thus)

• इति: thus
• इति: Vākya-sambandha (वाक्यसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरणचिह्न

• उक्त्वा: having said
• उक्त्वा: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive); पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

• वाचयेत्: should cause (someone) to recite
• वाचयेत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative: 'cause to recite')

• वैश्वदेविकान्: the Vaiśvadeva (mantras/priests)
• वैश्वदेविकान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैश्वदेविक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, बहुवचन; (those connected with Vaiśvadeva rites / the Vaiśvadeva mantras)

Speakers

• Dharma-instruction within the Markandeya Purana narrative

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Viśvedevas (as ritual recipients/associates)

Key Themes

• Śrāddha
• Dakṣiṇā
• Svadhā
• Viśvedevas
• Ritual conclusion

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Completion requires gratitude and proper closure: dakṣiṇā acknowledges service and participation; the ‘svadhā’ formula seals the ancestral intent, and the vaiśvadevika portion integrates the rite into a broader sacrificial order.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/dharma instruction; not pañcalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Svadhā’ is the subtle ‘address’ by which offerings reach pitṛs; affirming it (‘su-svadhā’) is a ritual ‘locking’ of the channel, while invoking the Viśvedevas universalizes the offering beyond a single lineage.