Shloka 29

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

वेदोज्झोऽथाग्निसन्त्यागी वृषलीपतिदूषितः ।

तथान्ये च विकर्मस्था वर्ज्याः पितृ्येषु वै द्विजाः ॥

Transliteration

vedojjho 'thāgnisantyāgī vṛṣalīpatidūṣitaḥ | tathānye ca vikarmasthā varjyāḥ pitryeṣu vai dvijāḥ ||

Translation

ବେଦକୁ ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିଥିବା, ପବିତ୍ର ଅଗ୍ନିକୁ ପରିତ୍ୟାଗ କରିଥିବା, ଶୂଦ୍ରସ୍ତ୍ରୀର ପତି ସହ ସଂସର୍ଗରେ ଦୂଷିତ, ଏବଂ ନିଷିଦ୍ଧ କର୍ମରେ ରତ ଅନ୍ୟମାନେ—ଏମିତି ଦ୍ୱିଜମାନେ ପିତୃକର୍ମ (ଶ୍ରାଦ୍ଧ)ରେ ପରିହାର୍ଯ୍ୟ।

Word by Word

• वेद-उज्झः: one who abandons the Veda
• वेद-उज्झः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेद (प्रातिपदिक) + उज्झ (प्रातिपदिक; √उज्झ्/उत्सृज्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative singular; तत्पुरुष: वेदान् उज्झति इति ‘one who abandons the Veda’

• अथ: and/then
• अथ: सम्बन्ध (Discourse connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/अनन्तरार्थक — Indeclinable ‘and/then’

• अग्नि-सन्त्यागी: one who gives up the sacred fires
• अग्नि-सन्त्यागी: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक) + सन्त्यागिन् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √त्यज् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कृदन्त: णिनि/इन्-प्रत्ययान्त कर्तृवाचक — Masculine, Nominative singular; ‘one who completely abandons the sacred fires’

• वृषली-पति-दूषितः: defiled/tainted (by improper association)
• वृषली-पति-दूषितः: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृषली (प्रातिपदिक) + पति (प्रातिपदिक) + दूषित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √दूष्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कृदन्त: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle) — Masculine, Nominative singular; ‘defiled by (association with) the husband of a śūdra-woman / by a vṛṣalī’s husband’ (context: polluted)

• तथा: also
• तथा: सम्बन्ध (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक — Indeclinable ‘also’

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative plural; ‘others’

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक — Indeclinable conjunction ‘and’

• विकर्म-स्थाः: those engaged in forbidden acts
• विकर्म-स्थाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विकर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √स्था धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; कृदन्त: क्त/अच्-समासान्त ‘स्थ’ (standing/engaged) — Masculine, Nominative plural; ‘those engaged in forbidden acts’

• वर्ज्याः: to be avoided
• वर्ज्याः: विधेय-विशेषण (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर्ज्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √वृज्/वर्ज् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; कृदन्त: यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive) — Masculine, Nominative plural; ‘to be avoided’

• पितृ्येषु: in ancestral rites
• पितृ्येषु: अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन — Neuter, Locative plural; ‘in the rites for the Pitṛs (ancestral rites)’

• वै: indeed
• वै: सम्बन्ध (Emphasis particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निश्चयार्थक/पादपूरण — Indeclinable particle ‘indeed’

• द्विजाः: twice-born (Brahmins etc.)
• द्विजाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative plural

Speakers

• Didactic narrator within the Purāṇic discourse (Śrāddha injunctions; frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Śrāddha
• Vedic observance
• Ritual discipline

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text links śrāddha efficacy to sustained discipline (Veda and agnihotra). The ethical claim is that public religious responsibility and personal restraint safeguard the sanctity of intergenerational obligations.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/ācāra material: it regulates conduct rather than narrating creation, dissolutions, genealogies, or manvantaras.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Abandoning Veda/fire’ symbolizes a break in sacred continuity; since śrāddha is a continuity-rite (linking descendants and ancestors), the recipient’s continuity of practice is treated as mirroring the rite’s subtle purpose.