Shloka 25

Adhyaya 29 — Alarka’s Inquiry and Madalasa’s Teaching on Householder Dharma (Gārhasthya), Vaiśvadeva, and Atithi Hospitality

Sanskrit

मुहूर्तस्याष्टमं भागमुदीक्ष्योऽप्यतिथिर्भवेत् ।

अतिथिं तत्र सम्प्राप्तमन्नाद्येनोदकेन च ॥

Transliteration

muhūrtasyāṣṭamaṃ bhāgam udīkṣyo 'py atithir bhavet / atithiṃ tatra samprāptam annādyenodakena ca

Translation

ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତର ଅଷ୍ଟମଭାଗ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଅପେକ୍ଷା କଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅତିଥି ଆସିପାରେ। ଯଦି ସେଠାରେ ଅତିଥି ଆସେ, ତେବେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଅନ୍ନାଦି ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ଓ ଜଳ ସହିତ ସତ୍କାର କରିବା ଉଚିତ।

Word by Word

• muhūrtasya: of a muhūrta
• muhūrtasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muhūrta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• aṣṭamam: eighth
• aṣṭamam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aṣṭama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); ordinal adjective qualifying 'bhāgam'

• bhāgam: a portion/part
• bhāgam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• udīkṣyaḥ: to be waited for/observed
• udīkṣyaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-√īkṣ (धातु) + ya (य)
• Form: Gerundive/necessitative participle (कृत्य/य-प्रत्ययान्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• api: even/also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), concessive/emphatic

• atithiḥ: a guest
• atithiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: atithi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhavet: should be/becomes
• bhavet: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• atithim: the guest
• atithim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: atithi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• tatra: there/then
• tatra: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)

• samprāptam: arrived
• samprāptam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√prāp (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past active participle (कर्तरि क्त-प्रत्ययान्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying 'atithim'

• anna-ādyena: with food etc.
• anna-ādyena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anna (प्रातिपदिक) + ādya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: 'food and the like'

• udakena: with water
• udakena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: udaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

Speakers

• Not in Devi Māhātmyam; atithi-dharma instruction.

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Hospitality
• Atithi-dharma
• Time discipline

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Hospitality is proactive: the householder is taught to remain available for a reasonable time, recognizing that the guest’s arrival is unpredictable and ethically binding.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma: prescriptive social ethic embedded in Purāṇic instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

Waiting a measured interval disciplines impatience; it symbolically affirms that dharma can ‘arrive’ at any moment and must be received with preparedness.