Shloka 8

Adhyaya 27 — Madalasa's Teaching III

Sanskrit

विश्वासो न तु कर्तव्यो राज्ञा मित्राप्तबन्धुषु ।

कार्ययोगादमित्रेऽपि विश्वासीत नराधिपः ॥

Transliteration

viśvāso na tu kartavyo rājñā mitrāptabandhuṣu /

kāryayogād amitre 'pi viśvasīta narādhipaḥ

Translation

ରାଜା ମିତ୍ର, ଆତ୍ମୀୟ କିମ୍ବା ବନ୍ଧୁବାନ୍ଧବଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅନ୍ଧ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ କରିବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ। କିନ୍ତୁ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟସ୍ଥିତିର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ହେଲେ ନରପତି ଶତ୍ରୁ ଉପରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ ରଖିପାରେ।

Word by Word

• viśvāsaḥ: trust
• viśvāsaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśvāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha-dyotaka (प्रतिषेध-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), negation particle

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha-dyotaka (सम्बन्ध-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adversative particle

• kartavyaḥ: should be done (placed)
• kartavyaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु) + tavya (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Gerundive/obligative (तव्यत्-कृदन्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); predicate with viśvāsaḥ

• rājñā: by the king
• rājñā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• mitra-āpta-bandhuṣu: in friends, trusted people, and relatives
• mitra-āpta-bandhuṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mitra (प्रातिपदिक) + āpta (प्रातिपदिक) + bandhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); द्वन्द्व: 'friends, trusted persons, and relatives'

• kārya-yogāt: due to necessity of affairs
• kārya-yogāt: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kārya (प्रातिपदिक) + yoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: 'connection/necessity of business'

• amitre: in an enemy
• amitre: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: a-mitra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• api: even
• api: Sambandha-dyotaka (सम्बन्ध-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle 'even/also'

• viśvasīta: should trust
• viśvasīta: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√śvas (धातु)
• Form: Optative/vidhiliṅ (विधिलिङ्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• nara-adhipaḥ: the king
• nara-adhipaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक) + adhipa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: 'lord of men'

Speakers

• Didactic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s nīti/rājadharma discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Kingship
• Pragmatism
• Alliances
• Discernment

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ethical governance requires discernment over sentiment: kinship and friendship are not guarantees of loyalty, while even adversaries can become functional partners under necessity—so long as vigilance remains.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary nīti material; outside pancalakṣaṇa classification.

What is the esoteric significance?

Inner ‘friends’ (habitual preferences) can mislead; inner ‘enemies’ (difficult disciplines) can become allies when yoked to a purpose—suggesting a yogic re-framing of obstacles as instruments.