Shloka 45

Adhyaya 15 — Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

Sanskrit

स्वर्गच्युतानां लिङ्गानि पुरुषाणामपापिनाम् ।

एतदुद्देशतो राजन् भवतः कथितं मया ॥

Transliteration

svargacyutānāṃ liṅgāni puruṣāṇām apāpinām | etad uddeśato rājan bhavataḥ kathitaṃ mayā ||

Translation

ହେ ରାଜନ୍, ପାପୀ ନ ହୋଇ ମଧ୍ୟ ସ୍ୱର୍ଗରୁ ପତିତ ହୋଇଥିବା ମନୁଷ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କର ଲକ୍ଷଣ—ଏତିକି ମାତ୍ର ମୁଁ ସଂକ୍ଷେପରେ ତୁମକୁ କହିଲି।

Word by Word

• स्वर्ग-च्युतानाम्: of those fallen from heaven
• स्वर्ग-च्युतानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वर्ग (प्रातिपदिक) + च्युत (कृदन्त; च्यु धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः ‘स्वर्गात् च्युत’ (ablative sense in compound); ‘च्युत’ = क्त (past participle) from √च्यु

• लिङ्गानि: signs/marks
• लिङ्गानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लिङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), बहुवचन

• पुरुषाणाम्: of men
• पुरुषाणाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), बहुवचन

• अ-पापिनाम्: of the sinless
• अ-पापिनाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ (उपसर्ग/निषेध) + पापिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), बहुवचन; नञ्-समास/निषेध-पूर्वपद (not sinful)

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; निर्देश (demonstrative)

• उद्देशतः: by way of indication / briefly
• उद्देशतः: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/रीति)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उद्देश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablative adverb) = ‘उद्देशतः’ (by way of indication/briefly)

• राजन्: O king
• राजन्: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/vocative), एकवचन

• भवतः: of you / for you
• भवतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भवत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/genitive), एकवचन; आदरार्थ-प्रयोग (honorific ‘your’)

• कथितम्: told
• कथितम्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कथ् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त; क्त (past passive participle) from √कथ्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मणि भावः (has been told)

• मया: by me
• मया: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम; तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन

Speakers

• Instructor figure addressing the king (context later identifies a Yamapuruṣa as guide)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Karmaphala
• Merit exhaustion
• Heaven and return
• Moral causality

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Heaven is not permanent; even the non-sinful may ‘fall’ when merit is spent. The ethical push is toward durable dharma (and ultimately liberative knowledge) rather than seeking only svarga.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This is didactic karma-theory within narrative (vaṃśānucarita-style storytelling environment), but not a direct pañcalakṣaṇa unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Falling from heaven’ symbolizes the impermanence of all reward states; it points to the need for inner transformation beyond transactional merit.