Shloka 1

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

इति श्रीमार्कण्डेयपुराणे … नाम नवमोऽध्यायः ।

दशमोऽध्यायः ।

जैमिनिरुवाच—

संशयं द्विजशार्दूलाः प्रब्रूत मम पृच्छतः ।

आविर्भावतिरोभावौ भूतानां यत्र संस्थितौ ॥

Transliteration

iti śrīmārkaṇḍeyapurāṇe … nāma navamo 'dhyāyaḥ |

daśamo 'dhyāyaḥ |

jaiminir uvāca—

saṃśayaṃ dvijaśārdūlāḥ prabrūta mama pṛcchataḥ |

āvirbhāva-tirobhāvau bhūtānāṃ yatra saṃsthitau ||

Translation

ଏହିପରି ଶ୍ରୀ ମାର୍କଣ୍ଡେୟ ପୁରାଣର ନବମ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ ସମାପ୍ତ ହେଲା; ସେଠାରେ ଆଡି ଓ ବକଙ୍କ ଯୁଦ୍ଧବର୍ଣ୍ଣନ ଅଛି। ଏବେ ଦଶମ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ ଆରମ୍ଭ। ଜୈମିନି କହିଲେ—ହେ ଦ୍ୱିଜଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ବ୍ୟାଘ୍ରମାନେ, ମୋ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଜନିତ ସନ୍ଦେହ ନିବାରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ। ଜୀବମାନଙ୍କର ପ୍ରକଟତା ଓ ଲୟ କେଉଁ ଆଧାରରେ ନିଷ୍ଠିତ?

Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), quotative particle (इति-शब्दः)

• śrī-mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇe: in the Śrī Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa
• śrī-mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrī (प्रातिपदिक) + mārkaṇḍeya (प्रातिपदिक) + purāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; समासः—षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-प्रायः: ‘श्री-’ उपपदपूर्वकं ‘मार्कण्डेयपुराण’

• āḍi-baka-yuddha-varṇanam: the description of the battle of Āḍi and Baka
• āḍi-baka-yuddha-varṇanam: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āḍi (प्रातिपदिक) + baka (प्रातिपदिक) + yuddha (प्रातिपदिक) + varṇana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; समासः बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (वर्णनम् of āḍi-baka-yuddha)

• nāma: named
• nāma: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/appositive marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), नाम-शब्दः ‘called/namely’

• navamaḥ: ninth
• navamaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: navama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; क्रमवाचक-विशेषणम्

• adhyāyaḥ: chapter
• adhyāyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• daśamaḥ: tenth
• daśamaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: daśama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; क्रमवाचक-विशेषणम्

• adhyāyaḥ: chapter
• adhyāyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• jaiminiḥ: Jaimini
• jaiminiḥ: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jaimini (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; ऋषि-नाम

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/लिट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपदम्

• saṃśayam: doubt
• saṃśayam: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• dvija-śārdūlāḥ: O best of the twice-born (brahmins)
• dvija-śārdūlāḥ: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/vocative address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक) + śārdūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; कर्मधारयः—‘dvijāḥ eva śārdūlāḥ’ (O tiger-like twice-born)

• prabrūta: tell, explain
• prabrūta: Kriyā (क्रिया/imperative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: brū (धातु) + pra- (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative/लोट्), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), बहुवचन (Plural); परस्मैपदम्

• mama: to me / of me
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; pronoun

• pṛcchataḥ: of (me) who is asking
• pṛcchataḥ: Hetu/Prayojana (हेतु/occasion)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prach (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (Present active participle), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular, Masculine/Neuter agreement by context; ‘of (me) asking’

• āvirbhāva-tirobhāvau: appearance and disappearance
• āvirbhāva-tirobhāvau: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āvirbhāva (प्रातिपदिक) + tirobhāva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual; द्वन्द्वसमासः (appearance and disappearance)

• bhūtānām: of beings
• bhūtānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/of whom)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/relative locus)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), relative adverb (यत्र)

• saṃsthitau: are situated / are established
• saṃsthitau: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/predicative participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: saṃ-sthā (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त (Past passive participle), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Dual, Masculine; ‘having been situated/established’

Speakers

• Jaimini addressing the Birds (Dharmapakṣīs)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Embodiment
• Metaphysics
• Karma and rebirth
• Purāṇic frame-dialogue

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The chapter opens by placing existential questions—how beings appear and vanish—within a dharmic inquiry. The ethical implication is that understanding embodiment and its causes (karma, dharma, knowledge) is foundational to right conduct and liberation-oriented living.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily touches Sarga/Pratisarga themes in a philosophical mode (appearance/disappearance of beings), preparing for karmic and cosmological explanation rather than narrating a specific manvantara episode here.

What is the esoteric significance?

“Appearance and disappearance” can be read as the oscillation of consciousness with upādhis (limiting adjuncts): birth and death are surface-movements, while the deeper inquiry seeks the substrate (dharma/karma and ultimately brahman-like ground) upon which manifestation is superimposed.