Shloka 11

Śānti Parva Adhyāya 43 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Stuti of Kṛṣṇa

Assembly Hymn of Many Names

Devanagari script

सम्राड्‌ विराट्‌ स्वराट्‌ चैव सुरराजो भवोद्धव: । विभुर्भूरतिभू: कृष्ण: कृष्णवर्त्मा त्वमेव च

Transliteration

samrāḍ virāṭ svarāṭ caiva surarājo bhavoddhavaḥ | vibhur bhūr atibhūḥ kṛṣṇaḥ kṛṣṇavartmā tvam eva ca ||

Translation

ବୈଶମ୍ପାୟନ କହିଲେ— ଆପଣ ସମ୍ରାଟ, ବିରାଟ, ସ୍ୱରାଟ ଏବଂ ଦେବରାଜ ଇନ୍ଦ୍ର। ଏହି ବିଶ୍ୱ ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ନେଇ ଉଦ୍ଭବିତ ହୋଇ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ହିଁ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ। ଆପଣ ସର୍ବବ୍ୟାପୀ ପ୍ରଭୁ, ନିତ୍ୟ ସତ୍ତାର ଆଧାର, ରୂପାତୀତ ପରମେଶ୍ୱର। ଆପଣ ହିଁ କୃଷ୍ଣ—ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ନିଜ ପାଖକୁ ଆକର୍ଷିତ କରନ୍ତି—ଏବଂ କୃଷ୍ଣବର୍ତ୍ମା—ଅଗ୍ନିମୟ ତେଜସ୍ୱୀ ପଥ—ମଧ୍ୟ; ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ଏ ସବୁ ଆପଣ ହିଁ।

Word by Word

• सम्राट्: universal monarch
• सम्राट्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम्राज् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विराट्: the Vast/Universal (Virāṭ)
• विराट्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विराज्/विराट् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्वराट्: self-ruler, independent sovereign
• स्वराट्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वराज्/स्वराट् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• सुरराजः: king of the gods (Indra)
• सुरराजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुरराज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भवोद्भवः: source/origin of existence (of the world)
• भवोद्भवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भवोद्भव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विभुः: all-pervading, mighty
• विभुः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विभु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भूः: earth; being/existence
• भूः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भू (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• अतिभूः: transcending being; exceedingly existent
• अतिभूः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अतिभू (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कृष्णः: Kṛṣṇa
• कृष्णः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कृष्णवर्त्मा: one whose path/track is dark (epithet; also used of fire/smoke-trailing fire)
• कृष्णवर्त्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्णवर्त्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative, Singular

• एव: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Indra
• Kṛṣṇa
• Agni (implied by kṛṣṇavartmā)
• Virāṭ (cosmic form/epithet)
• Svarāṭ (epithet)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches the unity of divine reality: the one Supreme is praised as simultaneously cosmic (Virāṭ), self-sovereign (Svarāṭ), ruler of the gods (Indra), the source of the universe, and the formless, all-pervading ground of being—implying that many divine names and functions ultimately refer to one reality.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s reflective setting, Vaiśampāyana reports a hymn-like praise in which the addressed deity is exalted through a chain of epithets, identifying him with major cosmic and Vedic powers (Indra, Agni) and with Kṛṣṇa, to emphasize supreme lordship and the origin of the world.