Shloka 10

Śānti Parva Adhyāya 43 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Stuti of Kṛṣṇa

Assembly Hymn of Many Names

Devanagari script

कृष्णधर्मस्त्वमेवादिर्वृषदर्भो वृषाकपि: । सिन्धुर्विधर्मस्त्रिककुप्‌ त्रिधामा त्रिदिवाच्युत:

Transliteration

vaiśampāyana uvāca | kṛṣṇadharmas tvam evādir vṛṣadarbho vṛṣākapiḥ | sindhur vidharmas trikakup tridhāmā tridivācyutaḥ ||

Translation

ବୈଶମ୍ପାୟନ କହିଲେ— ଆପଣ ହିଁ କୃଷ୍ଣଧର୍ମ—ଯଜ୍ଞସ୍ୱରୂପ—ଏବଂ ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କ ଆଦିକାରଣ। ଆପଣ ହିଁ ବୃଷଦର୍ଭ—ଇନ୍ଦ୍ରଙ୍କ ଦର୍ପ ଦମନକାରୀ—ଏବଂ ବୃଷାକପି—ହରି-ହରଙ୍କ ଐକ୍ୟ। ଆପଣ ହିଁ ସିନ୍ଧୁ—ସମୁଦ୍ର; ଆପଣ ହିଁ ବିଧର୍ମ—ନିର୍ଗୁଣ, ସମସ୍ତ ବିଧିବନ୍ଧନର ପରେ ଥିବା ପରମାତ୍ମା। ଆପଣ ହିଁ ତ୍ରିକକୁପ୍—ଉପର, ମଧ୍ୟ, ତଳ ତିନି ଦିଗର ବିସ୍ତାର; ଆପଣ ହିଁ ତ୍ରିଧାମା—ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ, ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର, ଅଗ୍ନିର ତ୍ରିବିଧ ତେଜ। ଆପଣ ହିଁ ଅଚ୍ୟୁତ—ସ୍ୱର୍ଗେ ସ୍ତୁତ୍ୟ ହୋଇ ମଧ୍ୟ ଲୋକହିତ ପାଇଁ ପରମଧାମରୁ ଅବତରଣ କରନ୍ତି।

Word by Word

• कृष्णधर्मः: Krishna-dharma (the dark/black sacrificial form; a divine epithet)
• कृष्णधर्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्णधर्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एव: indeed/alone
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• आदिः: the beginning/first cause
• आदिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वृषदर्भः: Vṛṣadarbha (a divine epithet)
• वृषदर्भः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषदर्भ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वृषाकपिः: Vṛṣākapi (a divine epithet)
• वृषाकपिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषाकपि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सिन्धुः: ocean/sea
• सिन्धुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिन्धु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विधर्मः: Vidharman (a divine epithet)
• विधर्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधर्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• त्रिककुप्: Tri-kakup (having three quarters/directions; a divine epithet)
• त्रिककुप्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिककुप्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• त्रिधामा: three-abode/threefold-lustre (a divine epithet)
• त्रिधामा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिधामन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• त्रिदिव: from heaven/Tridiva
• त्रिदिव: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिदिव
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• अच्युतः: Acyuta (the unfailing one; Vishnu/Krishna)
• अच्युतः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अच्युत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Acyuta (the Lord, commonly identified with Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)
• Indra
• Sindhu (Ocean)
• Tridiva (Heaven)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse is a hymn of identification: the Supreme is presented as the source of all, the inner essence of sacrifice (yajña), and the cosmic totality—nature (ocean), space (directions), and light (sun, moon, fire). Ethically, it frames dharma as grounded in the transcendent Lord who both surpasses conventional categories (vidharma) and sustains the world through compassionate descent.

What is happening in the narrative?

Within Śānti Parva’s reflective setting, Vaiśampāyana recites a praise passage that strings together divine epithets. The speaker is not advancing plot action but intensifying theological focus: the addressed deity is proclaimed to be identical with multiple revered forms and cosmic principles, emphasizing omnipresence and supreme causality.