Shloka 5

Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)

Devanagari script

ज्ञानेन परिसंख्याय सदोषान्‌ विषयान्‌ नृप । मानुषान्‌ दुर्जयान्‌ कृत्स्नान्‌ पैशाचान्‌ विषयांस्तथा

Transliteration

jñānena parisaṅkhyāya sadoṣān viṣayān nṛpa | mānuṣān durjayān kṛtsnān paiśācān viṣayāṁs tathā ||

Translation

ଭୀଷ୍ମ କହିଲେ—ହେ ରାଜନ୍! ବିବେକଜ୍ଞାନ ଦ୍ୱାରା ବିଷୟମାନଙ୍କୁ ଦୋଷଯୁକ୍ତ ବୋଲି ଜାଣି ସମ୍ୟକ୍ ପରିଗଣନ କରିବା ଉଚିତ; ମନୁଷ୍ୟଜୀବନ ସହ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧିତ ସମସ୍ତ ଦୁର୍ଜୟ ବିଷୟ ଏବଂ ସେହିପରି ପିଶାଚ-ପ୍ରକୃତି ସହ ଜଡିତ ବିଷୟମାନେ ମଧ୍ୟ।

Word by Word

• ज्ञानेन: by knowledge
• ज्ञानेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• परिसंख्याय: having fully enumerated/considered
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-सम्-ख्या
• Form: Absolutive (ktvā/lyap), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite

• सदोषान्: faulty; with defects
• सदोषान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-दोष
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• विषयान्: sense-objects; objects of enjoyment
• विषयान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• नृप: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• मानुषान्: human (pertaining to men)
• मानुषान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मानुष
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• दुर्जयान्: hard to conquer/overcome
• दुर्जयान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्-जय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• कृत्स्नान्: entire; all
• कृत्स्नान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत्स्न
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• पैशाचान्: demonic; of piśācas
• पैशाचान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पैशाच
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• विषयान्: sense-objects; objects of enjoyment
• विषयान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तथा: and likewise; also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• nṛpa (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
• piśāca (class of beings)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

To cultivate liberation-oriented discernment by analyzing sense-objects (viṣayas) and recognizing their inherent defects (doṣas), thereby weakening their power as ‘hard-to-conquer’ temptations.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva instruction to the king, Bhīṣma continues a philosophical-ethical discourse, urging a systematic appraisal of worldly enjoyments—human and even demonic/ghoulish (paiśāca)—as part of the path of self-mastery and release.