Shloka 31

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

Devanagari script

सुसम्मृष्टगृहा श्वासन्‌ जितस्त्रीका हुताग्नय: । गुरुशुश्रूषका दान्ता ब्रह्म॒ुण्या: सत्यवादिन:

Transliteration

śakra uvāca | susammṛṣṭa-gṛhāḥ śvāsan jitastrīkā hutāgnayaḥ | guruśuśrūṣakā dāntā brahmaṇyāḥ satyavādinaḥ ||

Translation

ଶକ୍ର କହିଲେ—ସେମାନେ ନିଜ ଘରକୁ ଭଲଭାବେ ଝାଡ଼ି-ପୋଛି ସୁଚିତା ଓ ଶୃଙ୍ଖଳାରେ ରଖୁଥିଲେ; ସ୍ନେହରେ ପତ୍ନୀମାନଙ୍କ ହୃଦୟ ଜିତୁଥିଲେ; ପବିତ୍ର ଅଗ୍ନିକୁ ପାଳନ କରି ନିତ୍ୟ ଅଗ୍ନିହୋତ୍ର କରୁଥିଲେ। ସେମାନେ ଗୁରୁସେବୀ, ଜିତେନ୍ଦ୍ରିୟ, ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣଭକ୍ତ ଓ ସତ୍ୟବାଦୀ ଥିଲେ।

Word by Word

• सुसम्मृष्टगृहाः: having well-swept/cleaned houses
• सुसम्मृष्टगृहाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु + सम्मृष्ट + गृह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• श्वासन्: they lived/dwelt
• श्वासन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्वस् (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural

• जितस्त्रीकाः: having won over their wives (i.e., with wives won by affection)
• जितस्त्रीकाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जित + स्त्रीक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• हुताग्नयः: those who have offered into the fire / performers of fire-offerings
• हुताग्नयः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हुत + अग्नि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• गुरुशुश्रूषकाः: attendants/servants of the teacher (guru)
• गुरुशुश्रूषकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु + शुश्रूषक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• दान्ताः: self-controlled, restrained
• दान्ताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दान्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ब्रह्मण्याः: devoted to Brahmins / pious, respectful to Brahmins
• ब्रह्मण्याः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ब्रह्मण्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सत्यवादिनः: truth-speakers, truthful persons
• सत्यवादिनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्यवादिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• gṛha (house/home)
• strī (wife)
• agni (sacred fire)
• guru (teacher)
• brāhmaṇa (Brahmin)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse praises the ideal householder’s dharma: cleanliness and order at home, affectionate harmony with one’s spouse, daily maintenance of sacred duties (Agnihotra), devoted service to one’s teacher, self-restraint, reverence toward Brahmins, and unwavering truthfulness.

What is happening in the narrative?

Indra (Śakra) describes a group of exemplary people by listing their virtues and disciplined practices, presenting them as models of righteous conduct within the Shānti Parva’s broader instruction on dharma and ethical living.