Shloka 30

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

Devanagari script

दानाध्ययनयज्ञेज्यापितृदैवतपूजनम्‌ । गुरूणामतिथीनां च तेषां सत्यमवर्तत

Transliteration

dānādhyayana-yajñejyā-pitṛ-daivata-pūjanam | gurūṇām atithīnāṁ ca teṣāṁ satyam avartata ||

Translation

ସେମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଦାନ, ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ଓ ଯଜ୍ଞ-ଯାଗର ଆଚରଣ ସୁପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠିତ ଥିଲା। ସେମାନେ ଦେବତା ଓ ପିତୃମାନଙ୍କୁ ପୂଜା କରୁଥିଲେ, ଗୁରୁଜନ ଓ ଅତିଥିମାନଙ୍କୁ ସମ୍ମାନ କରୁଥିଲେ; ଏବଂ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଆଚରଣରେ ସତ୍ୟ ପ୍ରବଳ ଥିଲା।

Word by Word

• दान: gift, charity
• दान: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अध्ययन: study
• अध्ययन: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्ययन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• यज्ञ: sacrifice, yajña
• यज्ञ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इज्या: worship, ritual offering
• इज्या: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: इज्या
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• पितृ: of the ancestors (pitṛs)
• पितृ: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• दैवत: of the deity/divine
• दैवत: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैवत
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• पूजनम्: worship, honoring
• पूजनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूजन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• गुरूणाम्: of the teachers
• गुरूणाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• अतिथीनाम्: of the guests
• अतिथीनाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अतिथि
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• तेषाम्: of them, among them
• तेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• सत्यम्: truth, truthfulness
• सत्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अवर्तत: prevailed, existed, was observed
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• pitṛs (ancestors)
• daivatāni (deities)
• gurus (teachers)
• atithis (guests)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse presents a dharmic ideal: a society is sustained by charity, disciplined learning, sacrificial worship, reverence to gods and ancestors, honoring teachers and guests, and steadfast truthfulness.

What is happening in the narrative?

Indra (Śakra) describes the earlier conduct of a community (contextually, the daityas/asuras in a former time): they followed Vedic duties—giving, study, sacrifice, worship, hospitality—and truth prevailed among them.