Shloka 35

Nakula’s Engagement with Citra-sena and Karṇa’s Sons; Śalya Re-stabilizes the Kaurava Host

Devanagari script

व्याक्रोशन्‌ बान्धवानन्ये तत्र तत्र परंतप । कोशद्िर्दयितैरन्ये भयाता न निवर्तिरे

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

vyākrośan bāndhavān anye tatra tatra paraṃtapa |

krośadbhir dayitair anye bhayārtā na nivartire prajānātha paraṃtapa ||

Translation

ସଞ୍ଜୟ କହିଲେ—ହେ ପରନ୍ତପ! ସେଠାଏ-ସେଠାଏ କେହି କେହି ନିଜ ବନ୍ଧୁ-ବାନ୍ଧବଙ୍କୁ ଡାକି ଆର୍ତ୍ତନାଦ କରୁଥିଲେ; ଆଉ କେହି କେହି, ପ୍ରିୟଜନମାନେ ଡାକୁଥିଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ, ଭୟାକୁଳ ହୋଇ ସୁଦ୍ଧା ପଛକୁ ଫେରୁନଥିଲେ—ହେ ପ୍ରଜାନାଥ, ହେ ପରନ୍ତପ!

Word by Word

• व्याक्रोशन्: were crying out
• व्याक्रोशन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-आ-क्रुश्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• बान्धवान्: kinsmen/relatives
• बान्धवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: बान्धव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• तत्र: here and there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• परंतप: O scorcher of foes
• परंतप: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun (vocative epithet)
• Root: परंतप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• क्रोशद्भिः: by/with those crying out
• क्रोशद्भिः: Karana
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्रुश्
• Form: Present active participle (Śatṛ), Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• प्रियैः: by/with dear ones
• प्रियैः: Karana
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: प्रिय
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• भयात्: from fear
• भयात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• न: not
• न: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• निवर्तिरे: did not turn back/return
• निवर्तिरे: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-वृत्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Ātmanepada

• प्रजानाथ: O lord of the people
• प्रजानाथ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun (vocative epithet)
• Root: प्रजानाथ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• परंतप: O scorcher of foes
• परंतप: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun (vocative epithet)
• Root: परंतप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• संजय (Sañjaya)
• परंतप (Paraṃtapa—epithet, addressed king)
• प्रजानाथ (Prajānātha—epithet, addressed king)
• बान्धव (kinsmen/relatives)
• दयित (beloved ones)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical and psychological reality of war: even among duty-bound warriors, fear and attachment surface—people call for kin, and others, panic-stricken, fail to respond even to loved ones. It underscores the human cost that accompanies kṣatriya duty and the moral gravity of battle.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes the battlefield confusion: some soldiers cry out for their relatives in different places, while others—though shouted to by dear ones—do not turn back, being overwhelmed by fear amid the fierce fighting.