Shloka 193

Devanagari script

कृतवर्मा च हार्दिक्य: षड्‌ रथा: पर्यवारयन्‌ । तब द्रोणाचार्य, कृपाचार्य, कर्ण, अश्वत्थामा, बृहदबल और हृदिकपुत्र कृतवर्मा--इन छ: महारथियोंने अभिमन्युको घेर लिया

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | kṛtavarmā ca hārdikyaḥ ṣaḍ-rathāḥ paryavārayan |

Translation

ହୃଦୀକପୁତ୍ର କୃତବର୍ମା ଏବଂ ସେଇ ଛଅ ରଥୀ ଅଭିମନ୍ୟୁଙ୍କୁ ଚାରିଦିଗରୁ ଘେରି ନେଲେ—ଦ୍ରୋଣ, କୃପ, କର୍ଣ୍ଣ, ଅଶ୍ୱତ୍ଥାମା, ବୃହଦ୍ବଳ ଓ କୃତବର୍ମା; ଏହି ଛଅ ମହାରଥୀ ମିଶି ସେ ଯୁବବୀରଙ୍କୁ ପରିବେଷ୍ଟନ କଲେ।

Word by Word

• कृतवर्मा: Kṛtavarmā
• कृतवर्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृतवर्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• हार्दिक्यः: Hārdikya (son of Hṛdika; epithet of Kṛtavarmā)
• हार्दिक्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: हार्दिक्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• षट्: six
• षट्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: षष्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• रथाः: chariots / chariot-warriors
• रथाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पर्यवारयन्: surrounded / hemmed in
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + अव + √वृ (वृणोति/वृ)
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), Third, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Kṛtavarmā
• Hṛdīka
• Droṇācārya
• Kṛpācārya
• Karṇa
• Aśvatthāmā
• Bṛhadbala
• Abhimanyu

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical tension between martial prowess and dharma: when many renowned warriors combine to overpower a single youthful opponent, victory may be strategic yet morally fraught, prompting reflection on fairness, duty, and the limits of acceptable conduct in war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Kṛtavarmā (Hārdikya) and a group of six chariot-warriors close ranks to encircle Abhimanyu, marking a decisive moment where the Kaurava champions coordinate to isolate and overwhelm him.