Shloka 9

तमोगुण-निरूपण

Analysis of Tamas and its Marks

Devanagari script

प्रकृत्यात्मकमेवाहू रज: पर्यायकारकम्‌ । प्रवृत्तं सर्वभूतेषु दृश्यमुत्पत्तिलक्षणम्‌

Transliteration

prakṛtyātmakam evāhu rajaḥ paryāyakārakam | pravṛttaṃ sarvabhūteṣu dṛśyam utpattilakṣaṇam ||

Translation

ରଜକୁ ପ୍ରକୃତି-ସ୍ୱରୂପ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ; ଏହା ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନର କାରଣତତ୍ତ୍ୱ। ଏହା ସମସ୍ତ ଭୂତମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ପ୍ରବୃତ୍ତ ଦେଖାଯାଏ; ଏହି ଦୃଶ୍ୟ ଜଗତ ତାହାର ଚିହ୍ନ—ଉତ୍ପତ୍ତି ଓ ନିରନ୍ତର ପ୍ରବୃତ୍ତି ହିଁ ତାହାର ଲକ୍ଷଣ।

Word by Word

• प्रकृत्यात्मकम्: having the nature of Prakṛti
• प्रकृत्यात्मकम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रकृत्यात्मक (प्रकृति + आत्मक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• एव: indeed/only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• आहुः: they say/call
• आहुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह् (ब्रू/अह्—‘to say’)
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• रजः: rajas (the rajas-guṇa)
• रजः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• पर्यायकारकम्: causing activity/turning (as a cause of change)
• पर्यायकारकम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर्यायकारक (पर्याय + कारक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• प्रवृत्तम्: active/operating
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रवृत्त (प्र + √वृत्, past participle)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वभूतेषु: in all beings
• सर्वभूतेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्वभूत (सर्व + भूत)
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• दृश्यम्: visible/that which is seen
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दृश्य (from √दृश्, ‘to see’; ‘visible’)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• उत्पत्तिलक्षणम्: having origination as its mark/characteristic
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्पत्तिलक्षण (उत्पत्ति + लक्षण)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyu (Vāyudeva)
• Prakṛti
• Rajas
• Sarvabhūta (all beings)
• Dṛśya (the manifest/visible world)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Rajas is identified as a Prakṛti-based force whose hallmark is motion, transformation, and origination; it is the dynamic principle through which the manifest world and activity in beings become evident.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyudeva is instructing the listener in a doctrinal explanation of the guṇas, specifically defining rajas as the active, transformative power present in all beings and recognizable in the visible world’s constant arising and change.