Shloka 30

तमोगुण-निरूपण

Analysis of Tamas and its Marks

Devanagari script

पापयोनिं समापतन्नाश्वाण्डाला मूकचूचुका: । वर्णान्‌ पर्यायशश्षापि प्राप्रुवन्त्युत्तरोत्तरम्‌

Transliteration

pāpayoniṁ samāpatann āśvāṇḍālā mūkacūcukāḥ | varṇān paryāyaśaś cāpi prāpnuvanty uttarottaram ||

Translation

ବାୟୁ କହିଲେ—କେତେକ ଲୋକ ପୁନର୍ବାର ପାପଯୋନିରେ ପତିତ ହୁଅନ୍ତି; ସେମାନେ ଚାଣ୍ଡାଳ, ମୂକ କିମ୍ବା ଅଟକି ଅଟକି କଥା କହୁଥିବା ଭାବେ ଜନ୍ମ ନେଉଥାନ୍ତି। ତଥାପି କର୍ମଶେଷ କ୍ଷୟ ଓ ପୁଣ୍ୟର ପରିପାକ ହେଲେ, ଜନ୍ମଜନ୍ମାନ୍ତରର କ୍ରମରେ ସେମାନେ ଉତ୍ତରୋତ୍ତର ଉଚ୍ଚ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ କରିପାରନ୍ତି।

Word by Word

• पापयोनिम्: sinful womb/birth (low sinful origin)
• पापयोनिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पापयोनि
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• समापतन्: fell into / came to
• समापतन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + आपत्
• Form: Imperfect, 3rd, Plural

• अश्वाण्डालाः: horse-cāṇḍālas (a very low/outcaste group)
• अश्वाण्डालाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्वाण्डाल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मूकचूचुकाः: mutes and stammerers
• मूकचूचुकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूकचूचुक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वर्णान्: social classes/varṇas
• वर्णान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• पर्यायशः: in succession, one after another
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पर्यायशस्

• अपि: also/even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• प्राप्रुवन्ति: they attain
• प्राप्रुवन्ति: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + आप्
• Form: Present, 3rd, Plural

• उत्तर-उत्तरम्: higher and higher (successively higher)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तर
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyudeva
• pāpayoni (sinful birth)
• caṇḍāla
• varṇa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse emphasizes karmic causality across rebirths: harmful actions can lead to degraded or impaired births, yet through the gradual exhaustion of residual sin and the maturation of merit, a being may rise step-by-step to better conditions.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyudeva is describing the post-mortem and rebirth outcomes of beings according to their remaining karmic residues—some are reborn in low or afflicted conditions, while others, over successive births, attain progressively higher social standing.