Shloka 45

Brahma-vidyā: Satya–Tapas and the Enumeration of Tattvas

Arjuna–Vāsudeva framed dialogue

Devanagari script

एतेषां पृथगध्यास्ते यो धर्म संशितव्रत: । कालात्‌ पश्यति भूतानां सदैव प्रभवाप्ययौ

Transliteration

eteṣāṃ pṛthag adhyāste yo dharmaḥ saṃśitavrataḥ | kālāt paśyati bhūtānāṃ sadaiva prabhavāpyayau ||

Translation

ବାୟୁ କହିଲେ—ଏହି ଧର୍ମମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଯେ କେହି ତୀକ୍ଷ୍ଣ ଓ ଦୃଢ଼ ବ୍ରତ ଧାରଣ କରି କୌଣସି ଗୋଟିଏ ଧର୍ମକୁ ପୃଥକ୍ ଭାବେ ଦୃଢ଼ତାରେ ଆଚରଣ କରେ, ସେ କାଳକ୍ରମେ ସମସ୍ତ ପ୍ରାଣୀଙ୍କର ସଦା ଘଟୁଥିବା ଉଦ୍ଭବ ଓ ଲୟ—ଜନ୍ମ ଓ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ—କୁ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଦେଖିଥାଏ।

Word by Word

• एतेषाम्: of these
• एतेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• पृथक्: separately
• पृथक्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक्

• अध्याः: chapters/sections (lessons)
• अध्याः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धर्मः: dharma, duty
• धर्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• संशितव्रतः: one of sharpened/firm vows (austere)
• संशितव्रतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संशित-व्रत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कालात्: from time; in due course
• कालात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: Masculine, Ablative, Singular

• पश्यति: sees
• पश्यति: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पश् (दृश्-अर्थे)
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• भूतानाम्: of beings
• भूतानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• सदैव: always
• सदैव: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा-एव

• प्रभवाप्ययौ: origin and dissolution (birth and death)
• प्रभवाप्ययौ: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभव-अप्यय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Dual

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyu (Vāyudeva)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Steadfast adherence to a chosen dharmic discipline (vrata) matures into clear insight: over time one perceives the universal law of impermanence—the continual birth and death of beings—thus grounding ethics in a sober awareness of Kāla (Time).

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyudeva is explaining the fruit of practicing the previously described dharmas: a resolute practitioner who firmly follows any one of them gains, with time, direct perception of the ongoing cycle of origination and dissolution affecting all creatures.