Shloka 78

Chapter 2: Sudarśana Upākhyāna — Atithi-Dharma and the Conquest of Mṛtyu

Gṛhastha-Vrata

Devanagari script

स्वरेण विप्र: शैक्षेण त्रील्लॉकाननुनादयन्‌ । उवाच चैन धर्मज्ञ पूर्वमामन्त्रय नामत:

Transliteration

svareṇa vipraḥ śaikṣeṇa trīl lokān anunādayan | uvāca ca enaṃ dharmajñaḥ pūrvam āmantrya nāmataḥ |

Translation

ଶିକ୍ଷାନୁକୂଳ ଉଦାତ୍ତାଦି ସ୍ୱରରେ ତିନି ଲୋକକୁ ପ୍ରତିଧ୍ୱନିତ କରି ସେଇ ବିପ୍ର ପ୍ରଥମେ ଧର୍ମଜ୍ଞଙ୍କୁ ନାମ ଧରି ସମ୍ବୋଧନ କଲେ; ତା’ପରେ ଏହିପରି କହିଲେ।

Word by Word

• स्वरेण: with (his) voice/tone
• स्वरेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• विप्रः: the brahmin
• विप्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शैक्षेण: with the (Vedic) phonetic/recitational (tone)
• शैक्षेण: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शैक्ष
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• त्रीन्: three
• त्रीन्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• लोकान्: worlds
• लोकान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अनुनादयन्: causing to resound/echoing
• अनुनादयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-नद्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एनम्: him
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• धर्मज्ञ: O knower of dharma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• पूर्वम्: first/previously
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पूर्व

• आमन्त्रय: having addressed/invited
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-मन्त्र्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Active

• नामतः: by name
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नामतः

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• a Brahmin (vipra)
• the three worlds (triloka)
• a dharma-knowing person (dharmajña; identified in the Hindi gloss as Sudarśana)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse foregrounds ethical communication: disciplined, correct speech (śikṣā and proper svara) and respectful address (calling by name, approaching properly) are presented as prerequisites for conveying dharma effectively.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma describes a learned Brahmin whose trained, resonant speech fills the worlds; the Brahmin first addresses a dharma-knowing person by name and then begins his statement, introducing an ensuing instruction or dialogue.