Shloka 42

अध्याय १६ — शङ्कर-उमा-वरदानम् तथा तण्डि-स्तुतिः (Śaṅkara–Umā Boon-Granting and Taṇḍi’s Hymn)

Devanagari script

यं सांख्या गुणतत्त्वज्ञा: सांख्यशास्त्रविशारदा: । सूक्ष्मज्ञानतरा: सूक्ष्मं ज्ञात्वा मुच्यन्ति बन्धनै:

Transliteration

yaṃ sāṅkhyā guṇatattvajñāḥ sāṅkhyaśāstraviśāradāḥ | sūkṣmajñānatarāḥ sūkṣmaṃ jñātvā mucyanti bandhanaiḥ ||

Translation

ବାୟୁ କହିଲେ—ଗୁଣ ଓ ତତ୍ତ୍ୱର ଜ୍ଞାତା, ସାଂଖ୍ୟଶାସ୍ତ୍ରରେ ପାରଦର୍ଶୀ ଏବଂ ଅତିସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମ ବୁଦ୍ଧିସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ସାଂଖ୍ୟମାନେ ଯେ ସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମ ପରମତତ୍ତ୍ୱକୁ ଜାଣନ୍ତି—ସେହି ସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମତତ୍ତ୍ୱକୁ ଜାଣି ସେମାନେ ସମସ୍ତ ବନ୍ଧନରୁ ମୁକ୍ତ ହୁଅନ୍ତି।

Word by Word

• यम्: whom/which
• यम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• सांख्याः: Sāṅkhyas (followers of Sāṅkhya)
• सांख्याः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सांख्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• गुणतत्त्वज्ञाः: knowers of the guṇas and tattvas
• गुणतत्त्वज्ञाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गुणतत्त्वज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सांख्यशास्त्रविशारदाः: well-versed in Sāṅkhya-śāstra
• सांख्यशास्त्रविशारदाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सांख्यशास्त्रविशारद
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सूक्ष्मज्ञानतराः: possessing subtler knowledge (comparative)
• सूक्ष्मज्ञानतराः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सूक्ष्मज्ञानतर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सूक्ष्मम्: the subtle (principle/entity)
• सूक्ष्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सूक्ष्म
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• ज्ञात्वा: having known
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• मुच्यन्ति: are released / become free
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच्
• Form: Present, Indicative, Atmanepada (passive sense), Third, Plural

• बन्धनैः: from bonds/bondage
• बन्धनैः: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: बन्धन
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Plural

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyu (Vāyudeva)
• Sāṅkhyas (Sāṅkhya philosophers/yogins)
• Guṇas
• Tattvas
• Sāṅkhya-śāstra

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Liberation (mokṣa) comes through realizing a subtle ultimate principle: those trained in Sāṅkhya—who discern the guṇas and tattvas with refined insight—are freed from bondage once that subtle Reality is truly known.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyudeva is speaking and points to a highest, subtle principle known to advanced Sāṅkhya experts; he emphasizes that its realization breaks all bonds, framing the discussion as a teaching on the means and goal of spiritual release.