Shloka 30

Devanagari script

उपेन्द्रो वामन: प्रांशुरमोघ: शुचिरूर्जित: । अतीन्द्र: संग्रह: सर्गो धृतात्मा नियमो यम:

Transliteration

upendro vāmanaḥ prāṁśur amoghaḥ śucir ūrjitaḥ | atīndraḥ saṁgrahaḥ sargo dhṛtātmā niyamo yamaḥ ||

Translation

ଭୀଷ୍ମ କହିଲେ—ସେ ଉପେନ୍ଦ୍ର, ସେ ବାମନ; ତ୍ରିବିକ୍ରମରୂପେ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଲାଂଘି ପଦକ୍ଷେପ କରୁଥିବା ଉନ୍ନତ। ତାଙ୍କ କ୍ରିୟା ଅମୋଘ; ସେ ଶୁଚି—ସ୍ମରଣ, ସ୍ତୁତି ଓ ପୂଜା କରୁଥିବାମାନଙ୍କୁ ପବିତ୍ର କରନ୍ତି; ସେ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବଳବାନ। ସେ ଅତୀନ୍ଦ୍ର—ସ୍ୱୟଂସିଦ୍ଧ ଜ୍ଞାନ-ଐଶ୍ୱର୍ୟରେ ଇନ୍ଦ୍ରକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅତିକ୍ରମ କରନ୍ତି। ସେ ‘ସଂଗ୍ରହ’—ପ୍ରଳୟେ ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ସମେଟନ୍ତି; ସେ ‘ସର୍ଗ’—ସୃଷ୍ଟିର କାରଣ। ସେ ଧୃତାତ୍ମା—ଅଜନ୍ମା ହୋଇ ମଧ୍ୟ ସ୍ୱେଚ୍ଛାରେ ରୂପ ଧାରଣ କରନ୍ତି। ସେ ‘ନିୟମ’—ଜୀବମାନଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କ ଯଥାଯଥ ସୀମାରେ ରଖନ୍ତି; ଏବଂ ସେ ‘ଯମ’—ହୃଦୟରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ଅନ୍ତର୍ନିୟନ୍ତା।

Word by Word

• उपेन्द्रः: Upendra (younger brother of Indra; Vishnu)
• उपेन्द्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपेन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वामनः: Vamana (the dwarf incarnation)
• वामनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वामन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रांशुः: lofty, very tall
• प्रांशुः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रांशु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अमोघः: unfailing, never fruitless
• अमोघः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमोघ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शुचिः: pure; purifier
• शुचिः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुचि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ऊर्जितः: endowed with strength; mighty
• ऊर्जितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऊर्जित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अतीन्द्रः: beyond/surpassing Indra
• अतीन्द्रः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अतीन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• संग्रहः: withdrawal; gathering-in (at dissolution)
• संग्रहः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संग्रह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्गः: creation; emanation
• सर्गः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्ग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धृतात्मा: self-controlled; steadfast-souled
• धृतात्मा: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धृतात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नियमः: restraint; regulation
• नियमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नियम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यमः: Yama; controller; restraint
• यमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Upendra (Viṣṇu)
• Vāmana (avatāra of Viṣṇu)
• Indra
• Yama
• Trivikrama (implied by prāṁśuḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches that the divine is not only an object of worship but also the very structure of moral and cosmic regulation: creation and dissolution, strength and purity, and especially niyama/yama—restraint and inner governance—by which beings are held to their proper dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīṣma is reciting a sequence of honorific names (epithets) of Viṣṇu, highlighting his avatāra as Vāmana/Trivikrama and his roles as purifier, supreme lord beyond Indra, creator, withdrawer at pralaya, and inner regulator (yama) who disciplines from within.