Srimad Bhagavatam — Panchama Skandha, Shloka 11
Naraka-varṇana: The Hellish Planets and the Karmic Logic of Punishment
ये त्विह यथैवामुना विहिंसिता जन्तव: परत्र यमयातनामुपगतं त एव रुरवो भूत्वा तथा तमेव विहिंसन्ति तस्माद्रौरवमित्याहू रुरुरिति सर्पादतिक्रूरसत्त्वस्यापदेश: ॥ ११ ॥
ye tv iha yathaivāmunā vihiṁsitā jantavaḥ paratra yama-yātanām upagataṁ ta eva ruravo bhūtvā tathā tam eva vihiṁsanti tasmād rauravam ity āhū rurur iti sarpād ati-krūra-sattvasyāpadeśaḥ.
ଏହି ଜୀବନରେ ଯେ ଇର୍ଷ୍ୟାବଶତଃ ଅନେକ ପ୍ରାଣୀଙ୍କୁ ହିଂସା କରେ, ସେ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ପରେ ଯମରାଜଙ୍କ ନରକକୁ ନିଆଯାଏ। ଯେ ପ୍ରାଣୀମାନେ ତାଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ପୀଡ଼ିତ ହୋଇଥିଲେ, ସେମାନେ ‘ରୁରୁ’ ନାମକ ପଶୁ ହୋଇ ତାକୁ ଭୟଙ୍କର ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଦିଅନ୍ତି; ତେଣୁ ସେ ନରକ ‘ରୌରବ’ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ। ରୁରୁ ସର୍ପଠାରୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅଧିକ କ୍ରୂର ଓ ଦ୍ୱେଷୀ।
According to Śrīdhara Svāmī, the ruru is also known as the bhāra-śṛṅga ( ati-krūrasya bhāra-śṛṅgākhya-sattvasya apadeśaḥ saṁjñā ). Śrīla Jīva Gosvāmī confirms this in his Sandarbha: ruru-śabdasya svayaṁ muninaiva ṭīkā-vidhānāl lokeṣv aprasiddha evāyaṁ jantu-viśeṣaḥ. Thus although rurus are not seen in this world, their existence is confirmed in the śāstras.
FAQs
This verse says that those harmed in this world later become ruru-like tormentors in Yama’s realm and inflict the same suffering back upon the offender, which is why that hell is called Raurava.
In Canto 5, Śukadeva explains the consequences of sinful actions—especially cruelty and violence—so Parīkṣit (and listeners) understand karma, fear wrongdoing, and turn toward dharma and devotion.
Practice ahiṁsā—avoid harming others through actions, speech, or exploitation—knowing that cruelty creates severe reactions, while compassion supports spiritual progress.