Sutra 49

Devanagari script

ताभ्यां पीडनैर्यथोक्तैश्च पीडितः सक्तो मुख्येषु परिहारोपहतः प्रकीर्णो मिथ्यासंहृतः सामन्ताटवीहृत इति कोशसङ्गवर्गः ॥ कZ_०८.४.४९ ॥

Transliteration

tābhyāṃ pīḍanair yathoktaiś ca pīḍitaḥ sakto mukhyeṣu parihāropahataḥ prakīrṇo mithyāsaṃhṛtaḥ sāmantāṭavīhṛta iti kośasaṅgavargaḥ.

Translation

ସେଇ ଦୁଇ (ଆଭ୍ୟନ୍ତର ଓ ବାହ୍ୟ) ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ ଉକ୍ତ ପୀଡନ ଦ୍ୱାରା ପୀଡିତ ହେଲେ, କୋଷ (ରାଜକୋଷ) ଏହିପରି ‘କୋଷସଙ୍ଗ’ (ଜଟ/କ୍ଷତି) ହୁଏ: ମୁଖ୍ୟ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଅଟକିଯାଏ, ଛାଡ଼/ପରିହାର ଦ୍ୱାରା କ୍ଷତିଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ହୁଏ, ଛିଟିଯାଏ (ଅସଂଗୃହୀତ ରହିଯାଏ), ମିଥ୍ୟାଭାବେ ସଂହୃତ ହୁଏ (ଠକେଇ ହିସାବ), କିମ୍ବା ସାମନ୍ତ ଓ ଅଟବୀ-ଲୁଟେରାମାନେ ହରଣ କରିନେଇଯାନ୍ତି। ଏହା କୋଷସଙ୍ଗର ବର୍ଗୀକରଣ।

Word by Word

• ताभ्याम्: by those two (means/agents)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक; तृतीया-द्विवचन; स्त्रीलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग-सम्भव (प्रसङ्गानुसारम्)

• पीडनैः: by pressures/coercive measures
• Type: Noun
• Root: पीडन
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-बहुवचन

• यथोक्तैः: as stated (earlier), prescribed
• Type: Adjective (PPP-based)
• Root: यथा-उक्त
• Form: तृतीया-बहुवचन; पीडनैः इति विशेषणम्

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• पीडितः: pressed/harassed, coerced
• Type: Participle (PPP)
• Root: पीड्
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; (कोशः/कोशधारः इत्यादि) कर्तृवाच्य-विशेषणम्

• सक्तः: attached/entangled, stuck
• Type: Participle (PPP)
• Root: सञ्ज्/सक् (सज्)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘आसक्त/लिप्त’ अर्थे

• मुख्येषु: among/in the principal (ones/places)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: मुख्य
• Form: सप्तमी-बहुवचन; (मुख्य-जन/मुख्य-कार्य/मुख्य-स्थानेषु) इत्यर्थे

• परिहारोपहतः: damaged by remissions/allowances (revenue impaired)
• Type: Adjective (PPP-based)
• Root: परिहार-उपहत
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘परिहार’ = exemptions/remissions/allowances; ‘उपहत’ = damaged

• प्रकीर्णः: scattered, dispersed
• Type: Participle (PPP)
• Root: प्र-कीर्
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन

• मिथ्या: falsely, wrongly
• Type: Adverb
• Root: मिथ्या
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषणम्

• संहृतः: collected, gathered, withdrawn
• Type: Participle (PPP)
• Root: सम्-हृ
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘collected/withdrawn’

• सामन्ताटवीहृतः: taken away by feudatories and/or forest (raiders)
• Type: Adjective (PPP-based)
• Root: सामन्त-अटवी-हृत
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘हृत’ = carried off/robbed

• इति: thus
• Type: Quotative particle
• Root: इति
• Form: अव्यय; इत्यादि-समाप्त्यर्थ

• कोशसङ्गवर्गः: the category (varga) of treasury-obstructions/entanglements
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोश-सङ्ग-वर्ग
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; शीर्षक/वर्ग-नाम

Entities Mentioned

• kośa (treasury)
• mukhya (key nodes)
• parihāra (remissions/exemptions)
• sāmanta (feudatories)
• āṭavī (forest raiders)

More Details

FAQs

What are the main modes of treasury failure listed?

Bottlenecks at key points, losses from remissions/exemptions, dispersed non-collection, fraudulent collection/accounting, and outright seizure by feudatories/forest raiders.

How does this relate to state capacity?

It links security and administration directly to fiscal performance: disorder and weak controls translate into predictable revenue pathologies.