Sutra 21

Devanagari script

अरिविजिगीष्वोर्भूम्यनन्तरः संहतासंहतयोरनुग्रहसमर्थो निग्रहे चासंहतयोर्मध्यमः ॥ कZ_०६.२.२१ ॥

Transliteration

arivijigīṣvor bhūmyanantaraḥ saṃhatāsaṃhatayor anugrahasamartho nigrahe cāsaṃhatayor madhyamaḥ

Translation

ଶତ୍ରୁ ଓ ବିଜିଗୀଷୁ—ଉଭୟଙ୍କ ସହ ଯାହାର ଭୂମି ସଂଲଗ୍ନ, ସେ ‘ମଧ୍ୟମ’; ସେ ସଂହତ କିମ୍ବା ଅସଂହତ—ଯେକୌଣସି ପକ୍ଷକୁ ଅନୁଗ୍ରହ କରିବାରେ ସମର୍ଥ, ଏବଂ ଅସଂହତକୁ ନିଗ୍ରହ/ଦମନ କରିବାରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସମର୍ଥ।

Word by Word

• अरि: enemy
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरि
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• विजिगीष्वोः: of the conqueror (vijigīṣu)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विजिगीषु
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी/सप्तमी द्विवचन (सम्बन्धे)

• भूमि: territory/land
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमि
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• अनन्तरः: immediately adjacent
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनन्तर
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषण (मध्यमः इत्यस्य)

• संहत: united/consolidated
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: सम्+हन् (क्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी/सप्तमी द्विवचन (समासे)

• असंहतयोः: of/among the disunited (two parties)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: असंहत
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी/सप्तमी द्विवचन (सम्बन्धे)

• अनुग्रह: support/favour
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनु+ग्रह
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• समर्थः: capable
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समर्थ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषण (मध्यमः इत्यस्य)

• निग्रहे: in coercion/suppression
• Type: Noun
• Root: नि+ग्रह
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन (विषये)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• असंहतयोः: of/among the disunited (two parties)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: असंहत
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी/सप्तमी द्विवचन (सम्बन्धे)

• मध्यमः: the middle king (mediating/intermediate ruler)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: मध्यम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; राजमण्डल-परिभाषा (technical designation)

Entities Mentioned

• ari
• vijigīṣu
• madhyama

More Details

FAQs

Why does contiguity to both sides define the madhyama?

Because adjacency gives immediate leverage—military access, supply routes, and the ability to open or close fronts—making the ruler decisive in outcomes.

What does ‘restraining a disunited one’ imply in policy terms?

It implies exploiting fragmentation: coercion, selective pressure, and deterrence are easier against divided polities than cohesive coalitions.