Rig Veda 9.91.3: Mandala 9, Sukta 91, Mantra 3

Sukta 9.91

Rishi: Rebha Kāśyapa (traditional; hymn-level)

Devata: Soma Pavamāna (with Indra/Sūrya imagery intertwined)

Chandas: Jagatī (probable; confirm metrically)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

वृषा वृष्णे रोरुवदंशुरस्मै पवमानो रुशदीर्ते पयो गोः । सहस्रमृक्वा पथिभिर्वचोविदध्वस्मभिः सूरो अण्वं वि याति ॥

Transliteration

vṛ́ṣā vṛ́ṣṇe rórūvad aṃśúr asmai pávamāno rúśad īrte páyo góḥ | sahásram ṛ́kvā pathíbhiḥ vacovíd adhvásmabhiḥ sū́ro aṇvám ví yāti ||

Translation

A Bull for the Bull, the roaring ray for him; purified, he rises shining—the milk of the Cow. A thousand-voiced seer, knower of the word, along our paths the Sun moves forth, spreading his subtle course.

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Word by Word

• वृषा: the bull (vigorous one)
• वृषा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक) < √वृष् (वर्षणे/सेचने)

• वृष्णे: for the bull / to the strong one
• वृष्णे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• रोरुवत्: roars, resounds
• रोरुवत्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रु (शब्दे) (intensive: रो-रु-)

• अंशुः: the Soma-stalk / ray
• अंशुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंशु (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मै: to him
• अस्मै: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अयम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पवमानः: being purified (Soma)
• पवमानः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: पवमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) < √पू (पवने/शोधने)

• रुशदीर्ते: moves/streams forth shining
• रुशदीर्ते: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ईर् (गत्यर्थे/प्रेरणे) with preverb रुशद्- (as adverbial qualifier ‘shining’)

• पयः: milk; sap; (Soma-)juice
• पयः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पयस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• गोः: of the cow
• गोः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• सहस्रम्: a thousand
• सहस्रम्: Karma
• Type: Numeral
• Root: सहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• ऋक्वा: the singer of ṛc-verses
• ऋक्वा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋक्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• पथिभिः: by/with paths
• पथिभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पथि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘path’)

• वचोविद्: knower/finder of speech (hymns)
• वचोविद्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: वचस् + √विद् (ज्ञाने) (समास: वचो-विद्)

• अध्व: the course/road
• अध्व: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मभिः: by us / with us
• अस्मभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अहम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सूरः: the sun; the shining one
• सूरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर (प्रातिपदिक)

• अण्वम्: the narrow (track); the subtle course
• अण्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अण्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, forth, widely
• वि: (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• याति: goes, moves
• याति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (गत्यर्थे)