Rig Veda 7.8.3: Mandala 7, Sukta 8, Mantra 3

Sukta 7.8

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely; verify by scansion)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कया नो अग्ने वि वसः सुवृक्तिं कामु स्वधामृणवः शस्यमानः । कदा भवेम पतयः सुदत्र रायो वन्तारो दुष्टरस्य साधोः ॥

Transliteration

kayā́ no agne ví vasah suvṛktíṃ kā́m u svadhā́m ṛṇavaḥ śasyámānaḥ | kadā́ bhavema pátayaḥ sudatra rāyó vantā́ro duṣṭárasya sādhóḥ ||

Translation

By what path, O Agni, will you open for us the perfect utterance, and by what desire will you grant the self-law, as we are being praised? When shall we become masters, O good giver, enjoyers of the riches—conquerors of the difficult-to-cross achievement?

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Word by Word

• कया: by which? (by what means?)
• कया: करण
• Type: Pronoun/Interrogative adjective
• Root: क (किम्-प्रातिपदिक) + या (स्त्री.)

• नः: for us / our
• नः: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि

• वि: apart, forth, distinctly
• वि: —
• Type: Preverb/Indeclinable
• Root: वि

• वसः: wealth, good
• वसः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसु

• सुवृक्तिम्: a well-made hymn/utterance
• सुवृक्तिम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु-वृक्ति (वृक्ति < √वृज्/√वृच् ‘to arrange/compose’; स्त्री.)

• कामु: how indeed? / in what way, pray?
• कामु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कामु (निपात/प्रश्नार्थक) अथवा ‘किम् + उ’

• स्वधाम्: (your) own power/ordinance; स्वधा
• स्वधाम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वधा

• ऋणवः: you accomplish / you bring about
• ऋणवः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ऋ (ऋणोति ‘to set in motion/attain/bring about’; Vedic)

• शस्यमानः: being praised
• शस्यमानः: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण) / अधिकरण
• Type: Participle
• Root: √शंस् (to praise) → शस्यमान (present passive participle)

• कदा: when?
• कदा: अधिकरण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कदा

• भवेम: may we become
• भवेम: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू

• पतयः: lords, masters
• पतयः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति

• सुदत्र: O good giver
• सुदत्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Adjective (used as vocative) / epithet
• Root: सु-दत्र (दत्र < √दा ‘to give’; ‘good-giver’)

• रायः: of wealth
• रायः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: रायि/राय (wealth)

• वन्तारः: winners, gainers
• वन्तारः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन्तृ (agent noun from √वन् ‘to win’)

• दुष्टरस्य: of the hard-to-overcome
• दुष्टरस्य: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्टर (दुर्- + √तॄ/√तॄ ‘to cross’; ‘hard to overcome’)

• साधोः: of the good (one/thing); of the right course
• साधोः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: साधु