Rig Veda 7.12.2: Mandala 7, Sukta 12, Mantra 2

Sukta 7.12

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Agni (Jātavedas)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स मह्ना विश्वा दुरितानि साह्वानग्निः ष्टवे दम आ जातवेदाः । स नो रक्षिषद्दुरितादवद्यादस्मान्गृणत उत नो मघोनः ॥

Transliteration

sá mahnā́ víśvā duritā́ni sā́hvān agníḥ stave dáma ā́ jā́ta-vedāḥ | sá no rakṣiṣad duritā́d avadyā́d asmā́n gṛṇatá utá no maghónaḥ ||

Translation

Mighty in greatness, overcoming all difficulties, Agni is praised in the home as Jātavedas. May he guard us from distress and from fault, us who sing—and also our giver of plenitude.

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Word by Word

• स: he (that one)
• स: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सः) सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक

• मह्ना: by (his) might
• मह्ना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मघन्/मह्न् (प्रातिपदिक: मह्न् ‘महत्त्व/महिमा/शक्ति’)

• विश्वा: all
• विश्वा: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (सर्व)

• दुरितानि: misdeeds, troubles
• दुरितानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुरित (दुः+इतम्)

• साह्वान्: overpowering, conquering
• साह्वान्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (participle-like)
• Root: सह् (धातु) → साह्व (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्निः: Agni (Fire-god)
• अग्निः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि

• ष्टवे: is praised / is to be praised
• ष्टवे: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्तु (धातु)

• दमे: in the house
• दमे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम (गृह/धाम)

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• जातवेदाः: Jātavedas (Agni, knower of births)
• जातवेदाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: जातवेदस् (प्रातिपदिक; जात ‘born’ + वेदस् ‘knowing’)

• स: he
• स: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सः) सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक

• नः: for us / our
• नः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• रक्षिषत्: may he protect
• रक्षिषत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: रक्ष् (धातु)

• दुरितात्: from trouble/sin
• दुरितात्: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुरित

• अवद्याद्: from reproach, from fault
• अवद्याद्: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवद्य (अ- + वद्य ‘blameworthy’)

• अस्मान्: us
• अस्मान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• गृणतः: of us who praise (him)
• गृणतः: Kartā (स्तुतिकर्तृ) / Sambandha
• Type: Participle
• Root: गृ (धातु ‘स्तु/गाय’) → गृणत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• उत: and also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत (निपात)

• नः: for us
• नः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• मघोनः: of the bountiful one (Agni)
• मघोनः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: मघवन् (प्रातिपदिक ‘दानशील/समृद्ध’)