Rig Veda 2.10.4: Mandala 2, Sukta 10, Mantra 4

Sukta 2.10

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

जिघर्म्यग्निं हविषा घृतेन प्रतिक्षियन्तं भुवनानि विश्वा । पृथुं तिरश्चा वयसा बृहन्तं व्यचिष्ठमन्नै रभसं दृशानम् ॥

Transliteration

jígharmy agníṃ havíṣā ghṛténa prati-kṣiyántaṃ bhúvanāni víśvā | pṛthúṃ tiraścā́ váyasā bṛhántam vyáciṣṭham ánnai rabhasáṃ dṛśā́nam ||

Translation

I anoint Agni with the offering and with clarified butter—him who takes possession of all the worlds. Wide, spreading across, great in growth, most pervasive—seen as a swift power through the nourishments.

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Word by Word

• जिघर्मि: I anoint / I serve (Agni)
• जिघर्मि: Kartā (अहं, implied)
• Type: Verb
• Root: घृ (धातु; ‘to sprinkle/anoint’ → वेद. ‘to besmear, to offer/serve with ghee’) [reduplicated present]

• अग्निम्: Agni
• अग्निम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• हविषा: with oblation
• हविषा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: हविस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• घृतेन: with ghee
• घृतेन: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: घृत (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रति: towards, in return
• प्रति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रति (अव्यय)

• क्षियन्तम्: dwelling / abiding (among)
• क्षियन्तम्: Karma (अग्निम् विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: क्षि (धातु; ‘to dwell, abide, rule’) → क्षियन्त् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• भुवनानि: the worlds
• भुवनानि: Adhikaraṇa (अर्थतः ‘among/in the worlds’), but formally कर्म-सम्बन्धः with participle
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुवन (प्रातिपदिक)

• विश्वा: all
• विश्वा: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (सर्व/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)

• पृथुम्: broad, wide
• पृथुम्: Karma (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पृथु (प्रातिपदिक)

• तिरश्चा: crosswise, spreading sideways
• तिरश्चा: —
• Type: Adjective (indeclinable-like in Vedic usage)
• Root: तिरश्च्/तिर्यञ्च् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘crosswise, sideways’)

• वयसा: with vigor / with strength
• वयसा: Karaṇa / Hetu (by/with vigor; by strength)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वयस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• बृहन्तम्: lofty, great
• बृहन्तम्: Karma (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहन्त् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘great, lofty’)

• व्यचिष्ठम्: most far-spreading
• व्यचिष्ठम्: Karma (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यचिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; superlative of व्यचस्/व्यच् ‘wide-spreading, far-reaching’)

• अन्नैः: with foods / with offerings
• अन्नैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न (प्रातिपदिक)

• रभसम्: impetuous, swift
• रभसम्: Karma (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रभस (प्रातिपदिक; ‘impetuous, vehement, swift’)

• दृशानम्: shining/visible; being seen
• दृशानम्: Karma (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: दृश् (धातु; ‘to see’) → दृशान (वेद. मध्यम/आत्मनेपदीय वर्तमान कृदन्त; ‘seeing, visible’)