Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 2, Shloka 14

द्वितीयः सर्गः — श्लोकप्रादुर्भावः

The Manifestation of the Śloka

Devanagari script

तत: करुणवेदित्वादधर्मोऽयमिति द्विज: ।निशाम्य रुदतीं क्रौञ्चीमिदं वचनमब्रवीत् ।।1.2.14।।

Transliteration

tataḥ karuṇaveditvād adharmaḥ ayam iti dvijaḥ |

niśāmya rudatīṃ krauñcīm idaṃ vacanam abravīt ||1.2.14||

Translation

ထို့နောက် ကရုဏာကြောင့် ထိခိုက်လှုပ်ရှားသော ဒွိဇသည် “ဤသည် အဓမ္မပင်” ဟု သိမြင်ကာ ကရောဉ္စီမ၏ ငိုကြွေးသံကို ကြားပြီး ဤစကားကို ဆို၏။

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: काल (Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्यय (thereupon)

• करुणवेदित्वात्: because of compassion
• करुणवेदित्वात्: हेतु (Hetu/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: करुण + वेदित्व (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: तत्पुरुष: करुणायाः वेदित्वम् (sense/experience of compassion); पञ्चमी, एकवचन (ablative: because of)

• अधर्मः: unrighteousness
• अधर्मः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject; predicate nominal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: कर्ता (Subject; demonstrative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• इति: thus
• इति: वाक्यचिह्न (Quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरण/वाक्यसमाप्ति (quotative particle)

• द्विजः: the sage (dvija)
• द्विजः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• निशाम्य: having observed
• निशाम्य: पूर्वकाल (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-शम्/नि-शाम् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (ल्यप्/क्त्वा-समकक्ष gerund): निशाम्य; अव्ययभाव (having observed/heard)

• रुदतीम्: wailing
• रुदतीम्: कर्म (Qualifier of object)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रुद् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्; present participle feminine): रुदती; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'क्रौञ्चीम्' इति विशेषण

• क्रौञ्चीम्: the female krauñca bird
• क्रौञ्चीम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रौञ्ची (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• वचनम्: speech, words
• वचनम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अब्रवीत्: said
• अब्रवीत्: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past); प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

Having heard the wailing of the female bird, the sage (Valmiki) moved to pity at this irreligious act uttered the following words.

Characters & Entities

• Vālmīki (dvija/ṛṣi)
• krauñcī (female bird)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma involves truthful moral discernment (satya as moral clarity): recognizing an act as adharma and responding from compassion rather than apathy.

What is the narrative situation?

Hearing the female bird’s lament, Vālmīki identifies the killing as unrighteous and prepares to utter a condemning statement.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral discernment joined with compassion—he names adharma plainly and is moved to speak for justice.