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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 52, Shloka 41

गङ्गातरणम्, सुमन्त्र-प्रतिनिवर्तनम्, जटाधारणम्

Crossing the Gaṅgā; Sumantra’s Return; Adoption of Ascetic Signs

दैन्यं हि नगरी गच्छेद्दृष्ट्वा शून्यमिमं रथम्।सूतावशेषं स्वं सैन्यं हतवीरमिवाऽहवे।।2.52.41।।

dainyaṃ hi nagarī gacched dṛṣṭvā śūnyam imaṃ ratham |

sūtāvaśeṣaṃ svaṃ sainyaṃ hatavīram ivāhave || 2.52.41 ||

ဤရထားကို ဗလာအဖြစ် မြင်လျှင် မြို့တော်သည် အလွန်အမင်း သနားဖွယ်အခြေအနေသို့ ကျရောက်လိမ့်မည်။ စစ်မြေပြင်၌ သူရဲကောင်းကျဆုံးပြီး ရထားမောင်းသူသာ ကျန်ရစ်သော တပ်မတော်ကဲ့သို့ပင်။

dainyamwretchedness, misery
dainyam:
Karma (कर्म; परिणाम/अवस्था)
TypeNoun
Rootdainya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; predicate-object with gacchet (‘go to/come to a state’)
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात) = ‘indeed/for’
nagarīthe city
nagarī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnagarī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
gacchetwould become / would go
gacchet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootgam (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd Person, Singular; Parasmaipada; ‘would go/come (to)’
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Kriyā (क्रिया; पूर्वकालिक)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा) = ‘having seen’
śūnyamempty
śūnyam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśūnya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; agrees with ratham
imamthis
imam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; agrees with ratham
rathamchariot
ratham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
sūtāvaśeṣamwith only the charioteer left
sūtāvaśeṣam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsūta (प्रातिपदिक) + avaśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘sūta-avaśeṣa’ = ‘having only the charioteer remaining’; Neuter, Accusative, Singular; agrees with sainyam
svamtheir own
svam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular; possessive adjective agreeing with sainyam
sainyamarmy
sainyam:
Upamāna (उपमान; in simile)
TypeNoun
Rootsainya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; object of implied comparison (iva)
hatavīramwith heroes slain
hatavīram:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roothata (कृदन्त, √han) + vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormKarmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) ‘hata-vīra’ = ‘whose heroes are slain’; Neuter, Accusative, Singular; agrees with sainyam
ivalike
iva:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormSimile particle (उपमा-निपात) = ‘like/as’
āhavein battle
āhave:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; location)
TypeNoun
Rootāhava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular

Seeing the empty chariot the people of the city will look pitiable just like an army left only with the charioteer after its hero is killed in the war.

S
Sumantra
R
Rama
A
Ayodhya (implied)
C
chariot (ratha)
B
battlefield (āhava) (as simile)

FAQs

Dharma underscores the moral centrality of a righteous leader: when the protector is removed, society feels defenseless—like an army without its champion.

Sumantra intensifies his plea by describing how the empty chariot will symbolize loss and trigger public despair.

Truthful counsel from a loyal retainer—Sumantra speaks difficult truth to Rama to prevent wider suffering.