Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 51, Shloka 21

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकपञ्चाशः सर्गः — Guha’s Vigil and Lakṣmaṇa’s Lament

Night on the riverbank

Devanagari script

रम्यचत्वरसंस्थानां सुविभक्तमहापथाम्।हर्म्यप्रासादसम्पन्नाम् गणिकावरशोभिताम्।।।।रथाश्वगजसम्बाधां तूर्यनादविनादिताम्।सर्वकल्याणसम्पूर्णां हृष्टपुष्टजनाकुलाम्।।।।आरामोद्यानसम्पन्नां समाजोत्सवशालिनीम्।सुखिता विचरिष्यन्ति राजधानीं पितुर्मम।।।।

Transliteration

ramyacatvarasaṃsthānāṃ suvibhaktamahāpathām | harmyaprāsādasampannāṃ gaṇikāvaraśobhitām || rathāśvagajasambādhāṃ tūryanādavināditām | sarvakalyāṇasampūrṇāṃ hṛṣṭapuṣṭajanākulām || ārāmod yānasampannāṃ samājotsavaśālinīm | sukhitā vicariṣyanti rājadhānīṃ pitur mama ||

Translation

သူတို့သည် ကျွန်ုပ်၏ဖခင်၏ မြို့တော်၌ ပျော်ရွှင်စွာ လှည့်လည်ကြလိမ့်မည်—လှပသော လမ်းဆုံဝင်းများဖြင့် စီမံထား၍ ကျယ်ဝန်းသော မဟာလမ်းများကို စနစ်တကျ ခွဲဝေထားသော၊ အထပ်မြင့်အိမ်ကြီးများနှင့် နန်းတော်များဖြင့် ပြည့်စုံသော၊ အလှတရားထူးကဲသော ဂဏိကာများကြောင့် တင့်တယ်လှပသော၊ ရထား များ၊ မြင်းများ၊ ဆင်များဖြင့် လူစည်ကားသော၊ တူရိယာသံများက လှုပ်ရှားလှုပ်ရှား မြည်ဟည်းသော၊ ကောင်းချီးမင်္ဂလာအလုံးစုံ ပြည့်ဝသော၊ အားရဝမ်းမြောက်၍ အာဟာရပြည့်စုံသော ပြည်သူများဖြင့် ထူထပ်သော၊ အာရမ်နှင့် ဥယျာဉ်များပါဝင်သော၊ စည်းဝေးပွဲများနှင့် ပွဲတော်များကြောင့် တောက်ပလင်းလက်သော မြို့တော်ဖြစ်သည်။

Word by Word

• रम्यचत्वरसंस्थानाम्: having lovely squares/places
• रम्यचत्वरसंस्थानाम्: विशेषण (Qualifier of rājadhānīm)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रम्य + चत्वर + संस्थान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास (बहुपद-तत्पुरुष): रम्याणि चत्वराणि येषु तानि संस्थानानि; Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन) (agreeing with राजधानीम्)

• सुविभक्तमहापथाम्: with well-laid great roads
• सुविभक्तमहापथाम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु + विभक्त + महापथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: सुविभक्ताः महापथाः यस्याम् (तत्पुरुष/बहुपद); Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• हर्म्यप्रासादसम्पन्नाम्: rich in mansions and palaces
• हर्म्यप्रासादसम्पन्नाम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हर्म्य + प्रासाद + सम्पन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: हर्म्यैः प्रासादैः च सम्पन्ना (बहुपद-तत्पुरुष); Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• गणिकावरशोभिताम्: adorned by the best courtesans
• गणिकावरशोभिताम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गणिका + वर + शोभित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: गणिकानां वरैः शोभिता (तत्पुरुष); Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• रथाश्वगजसम्बाधाम्: crowded with chariots, horses, and elephants
• रथाश्वगजसम्बाधाम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रथ + अश्व + गज + सम्बाध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: रथाश्वगज (इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व) + सम्बाधा; Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• तूर्यनादविनादिताम्: resounding with musical sounds
• तूर्यनादविनादिताम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तूर्य + नाद + विनादित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: तूर्यनादेन विनादिता (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष); Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• सर्वकल्याणसम्पूर्णाम्: complete with every prosperity
• सर्वकल्याणसम्पूर्णाम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व + कल्याण + सम्पूर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: सर्वैः कल्याणैः सम्पूर्णा (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष); Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• हृष्टपुष्टजनाकुलाम्: filled with happy, well-nourished people
• हृष्टपुष्टजनाकुलाम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृष्ट + पुष्ट + जन + आकुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: हृष्टपुष्टैः जनैः आकुला (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष); Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• आरामोद्यानसम्पन्नाम्: endowed with parks and gardens
• आरामोद्यानसम्पन्नाम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आराम + उद्यान + सम्पन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: आरामोद्यान (इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व) + सम्पन्ना; Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• समाजोत्सवशालिनीम्: splendid with public festivals
• समाजोत्सवशालिनीम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समाज + उत्सव + शालिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समास: समाजोत्सवैः शालिनी (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष); Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• सुखिताः: happy
• सुखिताः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुखित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• विचरिष्यन्ति: will roam about
• विचरिष्यन्ति: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-चर् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple future), परस्मैपद, 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• राजधानीम्: the capital city
• राजधानीम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजधानी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• पितुः: of (my) father
• पितुः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• मम: my
• मम: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

They will roam about happily in the capital city of my father with its lovely squares, well-aligned broad highways, its mansions and palaces, full of chariots, elephants, horses. It will be echoing with the sound of trumpets. It will be full of the welfare of all. It will be graced by the fairest of courtesans. Filled with well-nourished and contented people, the city dotted with several pleasure-gardens and parks, will looksplendid with community festivals and fairs.

Characters & Entities

• Ayodhyā
• Daśaratha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rājadharma’s goal is public flourishing—order, prosperity, and social harmony are presented as marks of a well-governed capital.

What is the narrative situation?

In contrast to impending grief, the speaker evokes the ideal, festive Ayodhyā where citizens ordinarily live and move about happily.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Civic-mindedness—valuing the people’s welfare and the cultural life of the city.