Shloka 1

Puṣkara Invocation, the Dharma-Wheel at Naimiṣa, and the Padma Purāṇa Prologue

Devanagari script

स्वच्छं चंद्रावदातं करिकरमकरक्षोभसंजातफेनं । ब्रह्मोद्भूतिप्रसक्तैर्व्रतनियमपरैः सेवितं विप्रमुख्यैः । कारालंकृतेन त्रिभुवनगुरुणा ब्रह्मणा दृष्टिपूतं । संभोगाभोगरम्यं जलमशुभहरं पौष्करं वः पुनातु

Transliteration

svacchaṃ caṃdrāvadātaṃ karikaramakarakṣobhasaṃjātaphenaṃ | brahmodbhūtiprasaktairvrataniyamaparaiḥ sevitaṃ vipramukhyaiḥ | kārālaṃkṛtena tribhuvanaguruṇā brahmaṇā dṛṣṭipūtaṃ | saṃbhogābhogaramyaṃ jalamaśubhaharaṃ pauṣkaraṃ vaḥ punātu

Translation

ပုရှ္ကရ၏ သန့်ရှင်းသော ရေသည် သင်တို့ကို သန့်စင်ပေးပါစေ—ကြည်လင်၍ လမင်းကဲ့သို့ ဖြူဝင်းကာ၊ ဆင်နှင့် မကရ (မိကျောင်း) တို့၏ လှုပ်ရှားမှုကြောင့် ဖျော်ဖျားဖျား ဖုံးလွှမ်းသော ဖုံးမြှုပ်ဖ泡များ ပေါ်ထွက်သည်; ဝရတနှင့် နိယမကို တည်ကြည်စွာ လိုက်နာသော အထက်တန်း ဗြာဟ္မဏများက ဆည်းကပ်ကြပြီး၊ ဘြဟ္မာ၏ ပေါ်ထွန်းခြင်းကို အာရုံစိုက်ကြသည်; သုံးလောက၏ ဆရာ ဘြဟ္မာ၏ မျက်မြင်တော်ကြောင့် ပဝित्रဖြစ်ကာ တောက်ပသော ဂုဏ်ရောင်ဖြင့် အလှဆင်ထားသည်; ဘောဂနှင့် ဝိရာဂ နှစ်မျိုးလုံးအတွက် ချိုမြိန်လှပ၍ အမင်္ဂလာကို ဖယ်ရှားပေးသည်။

Word by Word

• svaccham: clear, pure
• svaccham: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: svaccha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (neuter nom/acc sg; adjective)

• candravadātam: moon-white, bright
• candravadātam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: candra + vadāta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समासः (neuter nom/acc sg; karmadhāraya)

• karikara: elephant-trunk
• karikara: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: kari + kara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (तत्पुरुषः—करिः यस्य करः); समासपूर्वपद (compound member)

• makara: makara (sea-creature)
• makara: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: makara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• kṣobha: agitation, churning
• kṣobha: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṣubh (धातु) → kṣobha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• saṃjāta: arisen, produced
• saṃjāta: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam + jan (धातु) → saṃjāta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• phenam: foam
• phenam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: phena (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; समस्तपदम्: करिकरमकरक्षोभसंजातफेनम् (neuter nom/acc sg)

• brahmodbhūti: origin from Brahmā
• brahmodbhūti: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman + udbhūti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (तत्पुरुषः—ब्रह्मणः उद्भूतिः)

• prasaktaiḥ: by those devoted/attached
• prasaktaiḥ: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra + sañj (धातु) → prasakta (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (masc instr pl; attached/engaged)

• vrata: vow
• vrata: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: vrata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• niyama: rule, restraint
• niyama: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: niyama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• paraiḥ: by those devoted to
• paraiḥ: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम्; समस्तपदम्: व्रतनियमपरैः (masc instr pl; devoted to vows and restraints)

• sevitam: served, frequented
• sevitam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sev (धातु) → sevita (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (neuter nom/acc sg; served)

• vipramukhyaiḥ: by foremost Brahmins
• vipramukhyaiḥ: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vipra + mukhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (विप्रेषु मुख्याः) (masc instr pl)

• kārālaṃkṛtena: by (it) being splendidly adorned
• kārālaṃkṛtena: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kārāla + alaṃkṛta (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (kārāla-alaṃkṛta) (neuter instr sg; adorned/embellished)

• tribhuvanaguruṇā: by the teacher of the three worlds
• tribhuvanaguruṇā: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tri + bhuvana + guru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (त्रीणां भुवनानां गुरुः) (masc instr sg)

• brahmaṇā: by Brahmā
• brahmaṇā: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन (masc instr sg)

• dṛṣṭipūtam: purified by (his) glance
• dṛṣṭipūtam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dṛṣṭi + pūta (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (दृष्ट्या पूतम्) (neuter nom/acc sg; purified by sight)

• saṃbhoga: enjoyment, union
• saṃbhoga: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃbhoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• ābhoga: expanse, full enjoyment
• ābhoga: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: ābhoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• ramyam: delightful
• ramyam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ramya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम्; समस्तपदम्: संभोगाभोगरम्यम् (neuter nom/acc sg; delightful)

• jalam: water
• jalam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (neuter nom/acc sg)

• aśubha: inauspiciousness, sin
• aśubha: —
• Type: Noun
• Root: a- + śubha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• haram: sin-removing
• haram: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hṛ (धातु) → hara (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त (ण्वुल्/अच्-प्रत्ययान्त भावे/कर्तरि), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (अशुभं हरति) (neuter nom/acc sg; removing)

• pauṣkaram: of Puṣkara (sacred)
• pauṣkaram: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pauṣkara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (neuter nom/acc sg; pertaining to Puṣkara)

• vaḥ: you (all), for you
• vaḥ: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी/चतुर्थी (6th/4th), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम (gen/dat pl; of you/for you)

• punātu: may (it) purify
• punātu: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pū (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (imperative/benedictive sense), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम् (loṭ, 3rd sg; may it purify)

Speaker

Narratorial invocation (mangalācaraṇa-style praise of Puṣkara-tīrtha; explicit dialogue speaker not stated in this verse alone)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: tirtha

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: Resolved compounds/sandhi chiefly as: candra-avadātam; karikara-makara-kṣobha-saṃjāta-phenam; brahma-udbhūti-prasaktaiḥ; vrata-niyama-paraiḥ; kārāla-alaṃkṛtena; tri-bhuvana-guruṇā; dṛṣṭi-pūtam; saṃbhoga-ābhoga-ramyam; aśubha-haram.

Characters & Entities

• Brahmā
• Puṣkara (tīrtha)

FAQs

What does this verse reveal about the geography of sacred Tīrthas?

It highlights Puṣkara as a major sacred water-site (tīrtha), portrayed as physically vivid (moon-bright, foaming, inhabited by powerful animals) and spiritually potent (purifying, associated with Brahmā).

How does this verse emphasize the path of Bhakti?

Rather than explicit devotion to Viṣṇu, it emphasizes reverence expressed through tīrtha-sevā (resorting to sacred places) and disciplined living (vrata/niyama), treating sacred water as a conduit of grace and purification.

What is the ethical lesson from this dialogue?

The verse links inner purity to outer practice: disciplined vows, respectful conduct, and association with sanctifying places are presented as supports for removing aśubha (inauspiciousness) and cultivating a purified life.