Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 34, Shloka 22

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

ग्रामावसथतीर्थानां क्षेत्राणाञ्चैव वर्त्मनि ।

विण्मूत्रं नानुतिष्ठेत न कृष्टे न च गोव्रजे ॥

Transliteration

grāmāvasathatīrthānāṃ kṣetrāṇāñcaiva vartmani |

viṇmūtraṃ nānutiṣṭheta na kṛṣṭe na ca govraje ||

Translation

ရွာလမ်းများ၊ အိမ်နေရပ်များ၊ သန့်ရှင်းသော ရေချိုးရာနေရာများ သို့မဟုတ် လယ်ကွင်းများပေါ်တွင် မစင်ချခြင်း သို့မဟုတ် ဆီးချခြင်း မပြုရ။ ထို့ပြင် ထွန်ယက်ပြီးသော မြေပြင်ပေါ်တွင်လည်း မပြုရ၊ နွားတဲ/တိရစ္ဆာန်ခြံအတွင်း၌လည်း မပြုရ။

Word by Word

• grāma-avasatha-tīrthānām: of villages, shelters, and sacred places
• grāma-avasatha-tīrthānām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: grāma (प्रातिपदिक) + avasatha (प्रातिपदिक) + tīrtha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Bahuvacana; dvandva: 'of villages, rest-houses, and sacred fords'

• kṣetrāṇām: of fields
• kṣetrāṇām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṣetra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Bahuvacana

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• eva: indeed; also
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa-nipāta

• vartmani: on the path/road
• vartmani: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vartman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Saptamī (7th), Ekavacana

• viṇ-mūtram: feces/urine
• viṇ-mūtram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viṇ (प्रातिपदिक) + mūtra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; samāhāra-dvandva: 'feces and urine' collectively

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-particle

• anutiṣṭheta: should do/perform (i.e., relieve oneself)
• anutiṣṭheta: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (optative), Prathama puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; ātmanepada

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-particle

• kṛṣṭe: in a ploughed field
• kṛṣṭe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक; √kṛṣ 'to plough' + kta)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Saptamī (7th), Ekavacana; past participle used substantively: 'in a ploughed (field)'

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-particle

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• go-vraje: in a cowshed/cow-pen
• go-vraje: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: go (प्रातिपदिक) + vraja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Saptamī (7th), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: 'in a cow-pen/cowherd settlement'

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt; purity law instruction

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śauca
• Public hygiene
• Respect for sacred spaces

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Personal acts must not harm communal life or desecrate sacred/agricultural spaces; dharma includes environmental and social responsibility.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra-dharma; not pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Purity rules externalize an inner principle: do not ‘pollute’ places of sustenance (fields), sanctity (tīrthas), or communal movement (roads).