Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 27, Shloka 31

Adhyaya 27 — Madālasa’s Instruction to King Alarka: Royal Ethics, Self-Conquest, and Statecraft

Sanskrit

पालनेनैव भूतानां कृतकृत्यो महीपतिः ।

सम्यक् पालयिता भागं धर्मस्याप्नोति यत्नतः ॥

Transliteration

pālanenaiva bhūtānāṃ kṛtakṛtyo mahīpatiḥ / samyak pālayitā bhāgaṃ dharmasyāpnoti yatnataḥ

Translation

သက်ရှိသတ္တဝါတို့ကို ကာကွယ်စောင့်ရှောက်ခြင်းတစ်ခုတည်းဖြင့်ပင် မြေကြီး၏အရှင် (ဘုရင်) သည် မိမိတာဝန်ကို ပြီးမြောက်စေ하였다။ မှန်ကန်စွာ ကြိုးစား၍ ကာကွယ်သူသည် ဓမ္မ၏ အကျိုးပွား (ကုသိုလ်) ကို မျှဝေခံစားရသည်။

Word by Word

• पालनेन: by protection; by ruling
• पालनेन: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पालन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)

• एव: indeed; only
• एव: सम्बन्ध/अव्यय (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), अव्यय

• भूतानाम्: of beings; of creatures
• भूतानाम्: षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), षष्ठी विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (Plural)

• कृतकृत्यः: one who has fulfilled his duty
• कृतकृत्यः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृतकृत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); समास: कृतं कृत्यं येन/यस्य सः (कर्मधारय)

• महीपतिः: the king; lord of the earth
• महीपतिः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महीपति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); समास: मही + पति (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• सम्यक्: properly; rightly
• सम्यक्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्यक् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• पालयिता: protector; ruler
• पालयिता: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पालयितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); कर्तृवाचक-नाम (agent noun)

• भागम्: a share; portion
• भागम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)

• धर्मस्य: of dharma; of righteousness
• धर्मस्य: षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• आप्नोति: attains; obtains
• आप्नोति: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आप् (धातु)
• Form: लट् लकार (Present), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)

• यत्नतः: with effort; diligently
• यत्नतः: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्नतस् (अव्यय)
• Form: तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb), क्रियाविशेषण

Speakers

• Madālasā to Alarka

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Protection (pālana)
• Rājadharma
• Merit
• Kingship ethics

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The essence of kingship is guardianship: when protection is just and diligent, the ruler participates in dharma’s merit as a direct fruit of service.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ethical governance teaching; complements vaṃśānucarita ideals of kings but is not itself sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa-focused.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Protection of beings’ can be internalized as protecting the ‘beings’ (faculties, tendencies) within; right inner governance yields a ‘share of dharma’—stability and clarity.