Shloka 7

Adhyaya 25 — Madālāsā’s Return, Royal Succession, and the First Teaching to Vikrānta

Sanskrit

सम्यक् प्रशास्य वसुधां कालधर्ममुपेयिवान् ।

ततः पौराः महात्मानं पुत्रं तस्य ऋतध्वजम् ॥

Transliteration

samyak praśāsya vasudhāṃ kāladharmam upeyivān | tataḥ paurā mahātmānaṃ putraṃ tasya ṛtadhvajam ||

Translation

မြေကြီးကို တရားသဖြင့် အုပ်ချုပ်ပြီးနောက်၊ သူသည် ကာလ၏ ဥပဒေ (အနက်မှာ သေခြင်း) ကို တွေ့ကြုံလေ၏။ ထို့နောက် မြို့သူမြို့သားများ (paurāḥ) သည် မဟာစိတ်ရှိသော သားတော် ရ္တဓ္ဝဇ ထံသို့…

Word by Word

• सम्यक्: properly
• सम्यक्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्यक् (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb: ‘properly’)

• प्रशास्य: having governed
• प्रशास्य: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + शास् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund, ल्यप्): ‘having ruled/governed’; अव्ययभाव (indeclinable gerund)

• वसुधाम्: the earth, kingdom
• वसुधाम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसुधा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• काल-धर्मम्: the law/way of time (death)
• काल-धर्मम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक) + धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘कालस्य धर्मः’); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• उपेयिवान्: having reached/attained
• उपेयिवान्: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + इ (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्तवतु-प्रत्यय: ‘उपेयिवान्’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; भूतार्थे (past: ‘having reached’)

• ततः: then
• ततः: कालाधिकरण (Temporal adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb: ‘then’)

• पौराः: the citizens
• पौराः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पौर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• महात्मानम्: great-souled
• महात्मानम्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying पुत्रम्/ऋतध्वजम्)

• पुत्रम्: son
• पुत्रम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• तस्य: of him / his
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• ऋतध्वजम्: Ṛtadhvaja
• ऋतध्वजम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋतध्वज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrator

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Rājadharma (kingly duty)
• Mortality (kāladharma)
• Legitimate succession with public assent

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Ideal kingship is measured by righteous governance; even such a king must submit to kāla. Social order continues through orderly succession supported by the community.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita: death of a ruler and transition in the dynasty.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Kāladharma’ underscores a metaphysical law: embodied authority is temporary; only dharma is enduring, and it is dharma that legitimizes the next reign.