Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 23, Shloka 31

Adhyaya 23 — Ashvatara’s Vow for Madalasa and the Bestowal of Musical Science by Sarasvati

Sanskrit

सदसद्देवि! यत् किंचिन्मोक्षवच्चार्थवत् पदम् ।

तत्सर्वं त्वय्यसंयोगं योगवद्देवि! संस्थितम् ॥

Transliteration

sadasad devi yat kiñcin mokṣavac cārthavat padam | tat sarvaṁ tvayy asaṁyogaṁ yogavad devi saṁsthitam ||

Translation

“အို ဒေဝီ၊ ရှိခြင်းနှင့် မရှိခြင်းအဖြစ်—ရှိသမျှ စကား/အသံထွက်သည် မောက္ခကို ဆောင်သောစကားဖြစ်စေ အဓိပ္ပါယ်ကို ဆောင်သောစကားဖြစ်စေ—အရာအားလုံးသည် ယောဂကဲ့သို့ မခွဲမခွာ အတူတကွ သင်၌ တည်ရှိနေသည်။”

Word by Word

• सत्: being; real
• सत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √अस् ‘to be’ + शतृ/सत्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचनरूपम्; ‘being/real’; अत्र ‘सत्-असत्’ इति द्वन्द्वसमुच्चयार्थे प्रथमपदम्

• असत्: non-being; unreal
• असत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; नञ् + सत्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचनरूपम्; ‘non-being/unreal’; ‘सत् असत्’ समुच्चय

• देवि: O देवी
• देवि: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन-एकवचन (Vocative singular)

• यत्: whatever which
• यत्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (Nominative singular); सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)

• किञ्चित्: anything
• किञ्चित्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; अनिश्चितवाचक (indefinite: ‘anything’)

• मोक्षवत्: having liberation; like liberation
• मोक्षवत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मोक्षवत् (प्रातिपदिक; मोक्ष + वत्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; वत्-प्रत्ययान्त (possessive/like); विशेषणम् पदम्-शब्दस्य

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अर्थवत्: meaningful
• अर्थवत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्थवत् (प्रातिपदिक; अर्थ + वत्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; वत्-प्रत्ययान्त; विशेषणम् पदम्-शब्दस्य

• पदम्: word; state; step
• पदम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (Nominative singular)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; निर्देशक (demonstrative)

• सर्वम्: all
• सर्वम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; विशेषणम् तत्/पदम्-समूहस्य

• त्वयि: in you
• त्वयि: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: मध्यमपुरुष-सर्वनाम; सप्तमी-एकवचन (Locative singular)

• असंयोगम्: disjunction; non-connection
• असंयोगम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ + संयोग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रयोगः; द्वितीया-एकवचनरूपम्; नञ्-तत्पुरुषभावः (negated: ‘non-contact/disjunction’)

• योगवत्: as (true) union; possessing yoga
• योगवत्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: योगवत् (प्रातिपदिक; योग + वत्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; वत्-प्रत्ययान्त; विशेषणम् असंयोगम्-शब्दस्य (as ‘like/possessing yoga’)

• देवि: O देवी
• देवि: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन-एकवचन (Vocative singular)

• संस्थितम्: is established; stands
• संस्थितम्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-स्था (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘स्थित/स्थापित’ (established)

Speakers

• Aśvatara (continuing Sarasvatī-stotra)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Sarasvatī

Shakti Aspects

• Sarasvatī as immanent ground of vāk
• artha
• and mokṣa-teaching

Key Themes

• Śākta theology
• Vāk (speech) metaphysics
• Non-duality (immanence)
• Mokṣa-oriented discourse

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Speech and meaning are sacred responsibilities: since all meaningful and liberative utterance rests in the Goddess, one should cultivate truthful, disciplined, and dharmic use of vāk.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Theological-philosophical stotra within narrative (Ākhyāna). Not directly sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṁśa/vaṁśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

Sarasvatī is identified with the continuum from sat to asat—suggesting she underlies both manifest discourse and the silence beyond it; ‘asaṁyoga’ and ‘yogavat’ imply an unbroken identity of vāk-śakti with ultimate reality, where mantra becomes a direct vehicle to mokṣa.