Shloka 2

Adhyaya 22 — Kuvalayashva’s Death through Daitya-Deceit and Madalasa’s Self-Immolation

Sanskrit

अश्वमेनं समारुह्य प्रातः प्रातर्दिने दिने ।

अबाधा द्विजमुख्यानामन्वेष्टव्या सदैव हि ॥

Transliteration

aśvam enaṃ samāruhya prātaḥ prātardine dine | abādhā dvijamukhyānām anveṣṭavyā sadaiva hi

Translation

ဤမြင်းကို စီးလော့၊ နေ့စဉ် မနက်တိုင်း မနက်တိုင်း။ နှစ်ကြိမ်မွေးဖွားသူတို့အနက် အမြင့်မြတ်ဆုံးသော ဗြာဟ္မဏ ရှင်ပညာရှိတို့ကို ထိခိုက်မှုမရှိ၊ စိတ်ပင်ပန်းမှုမရှိအောင် အမြဲတမ်း စောင့်ရှောက်ရမည်။

Word by Word

• अश्वम्: horse
• अश्वम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• एनम्: this (him/it)
• एनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Pronoun (etad), Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• समारुह्य: having mounted
• समारुह्य: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + आ + रुह् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive); ‘having mounted/ascended’

• प्रातः: in the morning
• प्रातः: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रातः (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)

• प्रातर्: in the morning
• प्रातर्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रातर् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)

• दिने: on the day
• दिने: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Neuter, Locative, Singular

• दिने: day (each day)
• दिने: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Neuter, Locative, Singular (idiom: ‘day by day’)

• अबाधा: non-harm, absence of affliction
• अबाधा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ-बाधा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• द्विजमुख्यानाम्: of the foremost Brahmins
• द्विजमुख्यानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज + मुख्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष समास (द्विजानां मुख्या:); पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• अन्वेष्टव्या: must be ensured/sought
• अन्वेष्टव्या: Vidhi/Prayojya (विधेय/आवश्यकता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + इष् (धातु) → अन्वेष्टव्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्यय (gerundive/passive necessity); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; agrees with ‘अबाधा’; ‘to be sought/ensured’

• सदा: always
• सदा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय)
• Form: नित्यत्ववाचक-अव्यय (adverb)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (particle of emphasis)

• हि: for/indeed
• हि: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतौ/निश्चये निपात (particle: for/indeed)

Speakers

• Father (a king) instructing his son (prince) (names not specified in the provided verses)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Royal duty (rājadharma)
• Protection of Brahmins/sages

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Rulership is framed as service: a king (or prince) must actively ensure the safety and unobstructed religious life of sages and Brahmins. The emphasis on 'day after day' makes protection a continual obligation, not an occasional act of charity.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily falls under Vaṃśānucarita (accounts of dynasties/royal conduct) and Dharma-śikṣā embedded in narrative; it is not directly sarga/pratisarga/manvantara in these verses.

What is the esoteric significance?

The 'horse' can be read as the instrument of vigilant governance and disciplined movement through the realm; safeguarding the 'dvija' symbolizes protecting the Vedic order (ṛta/dharma) that sustains society.